SEC Filing | Enphase Energy

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q



(Mark One)
☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020



☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-35480

Enphase Energy, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware			20-4645388
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

47281 Bayside Parkway

Fremont, CA 94538

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(707) 774-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.00001 par value per share	ENPH	Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an “emerging growth company.” See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer, ” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:



Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 28, 2020, there were 126,007,389 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding, $0.00001 par value per share.

ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page
	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	40
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	42

	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	43
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	43
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	47
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	48
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	48
Item 5.	Other Information	48
Item 6.	Exhibits	49
	Signature	50

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value)
(Unaudited)



	As of
	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	607,254		$	251,409
Restricted cash	—			44,700
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $296 and $564 at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	89,504			145,413
Inventory	31,186			32,056
Prepaid expenses and other assets	29,257			26,079
Total current assets	757,201			499,657
Property and equipment, net	32,972			28,936
Operating lease, right of use asset	11,462			10,117
Intangible assets, net	28,086			30,579
Goodwill	24,783			24,783
Other assets	49,551			44,620
Deferred tax assets, net	93,872			74,531
Total assets	$	997,927		$	713,223
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	24,135		$	57,474
Accrued liabilities	46,691			47,092
Deferred revenues, current	40,256			81,783
Warranty obligations, current (includes $6,917 and $6,794 measured at fair value at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)	10,170			10,078
Debt, current	102,271			2,884
Total current liabilities	223,523			199,311
Long-term liabilities:
Deferred revenues, noncurrent	110,977			100,204
Warranty obligations, noncurrent (includes $14,215 and $13,012 measured at fair value at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)	27,737			27,020
Other liabilities	12,340			11,817
Debt, noncurrent	253,174			102,659
Total liabilities	627,751			441,011
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.00001 par value, 200,000 shares and 150,000 shares authorized; and 125,979 shares and 123,109 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	1			1
Additional paid-in capital	534,867			458,315
Accumulated deficit	(163,539		)	(185,181		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,153		)	(923		)
Total stockholders’ equity	370,176			272,212
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	997,927		$	713,223

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2020 Form 10-Q | 1

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Net revenues	$	125,538		$	134,094		$	331,083		$	234,244
Cost of revenues	77,151			88,775			202,021			155,586
Gross profit	48,387			45,319			129,062			78,658
Operating expenses:
Research and development	13,192			9,604			25,068			18,128
Sales and marketing	12,371			9,054			24,143			16,487
General and administrative	11,970			8,583			24,285			18,463
Restructuring charges	—			631			—			999
Total operating expenses	37,533			27,872			73,496			54,077
Income from operations	10,854			17,447			55,566			24,581
Other expense, net
Interest income	282			593			1,373			804
Interest expense	(5,952		)	(1,351		)	(9,107		)	(5,102		)
Other (expense) income, net	653			(5,480		)	(271		)	(5,961		)
Change in fair value of derivatives	(59,692		)	—			(44,348		)	—
Total other expense, net	(64,709		)	(6,238		)	(52,353		)	(10,259		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	(53,855		)	11,209			3,213			14,322
Income tax benefit (provision)	6,561			(591		)	18,429			(939		)
Net income (loss)	$	(47,294	)	$	10,618		$	21,642		$	13,383
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	(0.38	)	$	0.09		$	0.17		$	0.12
Diluted	$	(0.38	)	$	0.08		$	0.16		$	0.11
Shares used in per share calculation:
Basic	125,603			113,677			124,567			110,951
Diluted	125,603			130,737			138,910			129,400

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2020 Form 10-Q | 2

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In thousands)
(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Net income (loss)	$	(47,294	)	$	10,618		$	21,642		$	13,383
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(62		)	(249		)	(230		)	(328		)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(47,356	)	$	10,369		$	21,412		$	13,055

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2020 Form 10-Q | 3

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY

(In thousands)
(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Common stock and paid-in capital
Balance, beginning of period	$	433,543		$	357,024		$	458,316		$	353,336
Cumulative-effect adjustment to additional paid in capital⁽¹⁾	—			1			—			27
Issuance of common stock from exercise of equity awards	2,867			958			4,846			2,622
Payment of withholding taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards	(9,385		)	(735		)	(43,652		)	(2,090		)
Conversion of convertible notes due 2023, net	—			58,857			—			58,857
Equity component of convertible notes	116,300			35,089			116,300			35,089
Cost of convertible notes hedge related to the convertible notes	(117,108		)	(36,313		)	(117,108		)	(36,313		)
Sale of warrants related to the convertible notes	96,351			29,818			96,351			29,818
Stock-based compensation expense and other	12,300			5,104			19,815			8,457
Balance, end of period	$	534,868		$	449,803		$	534,868		$	449,803

Accumulated deficit
Balance, beginning of period	$	(116,245	)	$	(343,563	)	$	(185,181	)	$	(346,302	)
Cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit⁽¹⁾and other	—			(1		)	—			(27		)
Net income (loss)	(47,294		)	10,618			21,642			13,383
Balance, end of period	$	(163,539	)	$	(332,946	)	$	(163,539	)	$	(332,946	)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance, beginning of period	$	(1,091	)	$	663		$	(923	)	$	742
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(62		)	(249		)	(230		)	(328		)
Balance, end of period	$	(1,153	)	$	414		$	(1,153	)	$	414
Total stockholders' equity, ending balance	$	370,176		$	117,271		$	370,176		$	117,271


(1)	Includes the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-07, “Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Non-employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” on January 1, 2019.

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2020 Form 10-Q | 4

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)
(Unaudited)



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	21,642		$	13,383
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	7,985			7,694
Provision for doubtful accounts	185			207
Non-cash interest expense	8,094			2,266
Financing fees on extinguishment of debt	—			2,152
Fees paid for repurchase and exchange of convertible notes due 2023	—			6,000
Stock-based compensation	19,815			8,224
Change in fair value of derivatives	44,348			—
Deferred income taxes	(19,567		)	—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	56,166			(19,104		)
Inventory	870			(3,827		)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(9,534		)	(9,568		)
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities	(35,389		)	16,805
Warranty obligations	809			1,699
Deferred revenues	(30,771		)	5,904
Net cash provided by operating activities	64,653			31,835
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(7,804		)	(3,176		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(7,804		)	(3,176		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuance of convertible notes, net of issuance costs	312,420			128,040
Purchase of convertible note hedges	(89,056		)	(36,313		)
Sale of warrants	71,552			29,819
Fees paid for repurchase and exchange of convertible notes due 2023	—			(6,000		)
Principal payments and financing fees on debt	(1,633		)	(45,122		)
Proceeds from exercise of equity awards and employee stock purchase plan	4,846			2,622
Payment of withholding taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards	(43,652		)	(2,090		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	254,477			70,956
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(181		)	107
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	311,145			99,722
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash—Beginning of period	296,109			106,237
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period	$	607,254		$	205,959

Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of fixed assets included in accounts payable	$	1,636		$	1,194
Accrued interest payable unpaid upon exchange of convertible notes due 2023	$	—		$	833

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2020 Form 10-Q | 5

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


1.	DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Description of Business

Enphase Energy, Inc. (the “Company”) is a global energy technology company. The Company delivers smart, easy-to-use solutions that manage solar generation, storage and communication on one intelligent platform. The Company revolutionized the solar industry with its microinverter technology and produces a fully integrated solar-plus-storage solution.

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S.”), or GAAP. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

These accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. In the opinion of management, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the interim periods indicated. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the financial statements include revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, stock-based compensation, inventory valuation, accrued warranty obligations, fair value of debt derivatives, fair value of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of acquired intangible assets and property and equipment, incremental borrowing rate for right-of-use assets and lease liability, legal contingencies, and tax valuation allowance. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements; therefore, actual results could differ materially from management’s estimates using different assumptions or under different conditions.

The worldwide spread of the COVID-19 virus has resulted in a global slowdown of economic activity which decreased demand for a broad variety of goods and services, including from our customers, while also disrupting sales channels and marketing activities for an unknown period of time and may continue to create significant uncertainty in future operational and financial performance. The Company expects this to result in negative impact on its sales and its results of operations. In preparing the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, the Company is required to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the amounts reported in its financial statements and the accompanying disclosures. Estimates and assumptions about future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty and therefore require the exercise of judgment. As of the date of issuance of these financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require the Company to update its estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained, and are recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to the Company’s financial statements.

Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2020 Form 10-Q | 6

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no significant changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies in Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract,” to reduce diversity in practice in accounting for the costs of implementing cloud computing arrangements that are service contracts. ASU 2018-15 allows entities to apply the guidance in the ASC 350-40, “Intangibles–Goodwill and Other–Internal-Use Software,” to determine which implementation costs are eligible to be capitalized as assets in a cloud computing arrangement that is considered a service contract. ASU 2018-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. Entities have the option to apply the guidance prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption or retrospectively and are required to make certain disclosures in the interim and annual period of adoption. The Company adopted the new standard effective January 1, 2020 on a prospective basis and the adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with a current expected credit loss (CECL) model which will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. On January 1, 2020, the Company on a prospective basis adopted Topic 326, the measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL model is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including accounts receivable. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.


2.	REVENUE RECOGNITION

Disaggregated Revenue

The Company has one business activity, which is the design, manufacture and sale of solutions for the solar photovoltaic (“PV”) industry. Disaggregated revenue by primary geographical market and timing of revenue recognition for the Company’s single product line are as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Primary geographical markets:
United States	$	100,791	$	99,909	$	280,391	$	177,595
International	24,747		34,185		50,692		56,649
Total	$	125,538	$	134,094	$	331,083	$	234,244

Timing of revenue recognition:
Products delivered at a point in time	$	114,299	$	124,336	$	308,978	$	214,736
Products and services delivered over time	11,239		9,758		22,105		19,508
Total	$	125,538	$	134,094	$	331,083	$	234,244

Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2020 Form 10-Q | 7

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Contract Balances

Receivables, and contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers are as follows:



	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Receivables	$	89,504	$	145,413
Short-term contract assets (Prepaid expenses and other assets)	16,416		15,055
Long-term contract assets (Other assets)	46,960		42,087
Short-term contract liabilities (Deferred revenues)	40,256		81,783
Long-term contract liabilities (Deferred revenues)	110,977		100,204

The Company receives payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract assets include deferred product costs and commissions associated with the deferred revenue and will be amortized along with the associated revenue. The Company had no asset impairment charges related to contract assets in the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.

Significant changes in the balances of contract assets (prepaid expenses and other assets) during the period are as follows (in thousands):



Contract Assets
Balance on December 31, 2019	$	57,142
Amount recognized	(8,439		)
Increase	14,673
Balance as of June 30, 2020	$	63,376

Contract liabilities are recorded as deferred revenue on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and include payments received in advance of performance obligations under the contract and are realized when the associated revenue is recognized under the contract.

Significant changes in the balances of contract liabilities (deferred revenues) during the period are as follows (in thousands):



Contract Liabilities
Balance on December 31, 2019	$	181,987
Revenue recognized	(66,841		)
Increase due to billings	36,087
Balance as of June 30, 2020	$	151,233

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Remaining Performance Obligations

Estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future periods related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period are as follows:



	June 30, 2020
	(In thousands)
Fiscal year:
2020 (remaining six months)	$	21,679
2021	36,389
2022	31,357
2023	25,564
2024	20,373
Thereafter	15,871
Total	$	151,233


3.	OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Accounts Receivable, Net

The Company receives payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional.

Accounts receivable, net consist of the following:



	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable	$	89,800		$	145,977
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(296		)	(564		)
Accounts receivable, net	$	89,504		$	145,413

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for uncollectible accounts receivable. Management estimates anticipated losses from doubtful accounts based on financial health of customers, days past due, collection history and existing economic conditions. The following table sets forth activities in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the periods indicated.



	Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020
	(In thousands)
Balance, at beginning of the period	$	374		$	564
Net charges to expenses	81			185
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(159		)	(453		)
Balance, at end of the period	$	296		$	296

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Inventory

Inventory consist of the following:



	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Raw materials	$	5,800	$	4,197
Finished goods	25,386		27,859
Total inventory	$	31,186	$	32,056

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consist of the following:



	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Salaries, commissions, incentive compensation and benefits	$	3,607	$	5,524
Customer rebates and sales incentives	20,741		24,198
Freight	2,640		4,908
Operating lease liabilities, current	3,570		3,170
Other	16,133		9,292
Total accrued liabilities	$	46,691	$	47,092


4.	GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The Company’s goodwill and purchased intangible assets as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows:



	June 30, 2020							December 31, 2019
	Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net
	(In thousands)
Goodwill	$	24,783	$	—		$	24,783	$	24,783	$	—		$	24,783

Intangible assets:
Other indefinite-lived intangibles	$	286	$	—		$	286	$	286	$	—		$	286
Intangible assets with finite lives:
Developed technology	13,100		(4,185		)	8,915		13,100		(3,093		)	10,007
Customer relationships	23,100		(4,215		)	18,885		23,100		(2,814		)	20,286
Total purchased intangible assets	$	36,486	$	(8,400	)	$	28,086	$	36,486	$	(5,907	)	$	30,579

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets are as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Developed technology, and patents and licensed technology	$	546	$	546	$	1,092	$	1,092
Customer relationships	700		635		1,401		1,271
Total amortization expense	$	1,246	$	1,181	$	2,493	$	2,363

Amortization of developed technology, patents and licensed technology is recorded to sales and marketing expense. The developed technology acquired from the Company’s acquisition of SunPower Corporation’s (“SunPower”) microinverter business in August 2018 was embedded in the microinverters that SunPower sold to its customers. The Company does not actively use the developed technology acquired from SunPower and holds the developed technology to prevent others from using it. Accordingly, the Company accounts for the developed technology as a defensive intangible asset and amortizes the associated value over a period of six years from the date of acquisition.

The master supply agreement (“MSA”) entered into with SunPower in August 2018 provides the Company with the exclusive right to supply SunPower with module level power electronics for a period of five years, with options for renewals. The exclusivity arrangement extends throughout the term of the MSA, which comprises all of the expected cash flows from the customer relationship intangible asset, and was a condition to, and was an essential part of the acquisition of SunPower’s microinverter business by the Company. As the fair value ascribed to the customer relationship intangible asset represents payments to a customer, the Company amortizes the value of the customer relationship intangible asset as a reduction to revenue using a pattern of economic benefit method over a useful life of nine years.


5.	WARRANTY OBLIGATIONS

The Company’s warranty activities were as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
	(In thousands)
Warranty obligations, beginning of period	$	37,501		$	31,042		$	37,098		$	31,294
Accruals for warranties issued during period	766			1,312			2,290			2,170
Changes in estimates	1,748			699			3,425			1,503
Settlements	(2,578		)	(2,206		)	(5,848		)	(4,502		)
Increase due to accretion expense	804			550			1,578			1,101
Other	(334		)	1,597			(636		)	1,428
Warranty obligations, end of period	37,907			32,994			37,907			32,994
Less: current portion	(10,170		)	(7,468		)	(10,170		)	(7,468		)
Noncurrent	$	27,737		$	25,526		$	27,737		$	25,526

Changes in Estimates

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded additional warranty expense of $1.7 million and $3.4 million, respectively, based on continuing analysis of field performance data and diagnostic root-cause failure analysis primarily relating to its prior generation products.

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)


6.	FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and risk of nonperformance.

The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. An asset’s or liability’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:


•	Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company is able to access. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of such assets or liabilities do not entail a significant degree of judgment.


•	Level 2—Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.


•	Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

Level 1. The Company considers all highly liquid investments, such as certificates of deposit and money market instruments with maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition to be cash equivalents. For all periods presented, its cash balances consist of amounts held in non-interest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits and money market accounts and are within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices for identical instruments in active markets. As of June 30, 2020, cash and cash equivalents balance includes money market funds of $598.5 million.

Level 2.

Convertible Notes due 2025 Derivatives

On March 9, 2020, the Company issued $320 million aggregate principal amount of 0.25% convertible senior notes due 2025 (the “Notes due 2025”). Concurrently with the issuance of Notes due 2025, the Company entered into privately-negotiated convertible note hedge and warrant transactions which in combination are intended to reduce the potential dilution from the conversion of the Notes due 2025. On May 20, 2020, at the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders, the stockholders approved an amendment to its certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock. As a result, the Company satisfied the share reservation condition (as defined in the relevant indenture associated with the Notes due 2025). The Company will now be able to settle the Notes due 2025, convertible notes hedge and warrants through payment or delivery, as the case may be, of cash, shares of its common stock or a combination thereof, at the Company’s election. Accordingly, on May 20, 2020, the embedded derivative liability, convertible notes hedge and warrants liability were remeasured at a fair value of $116.3 million, $117.1 million and $96.4 million, respectively, and were then reclassified to additional paid-in-capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheet in the second quarter of 2020 and are no longer remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification. See Note 8. “Debt” for additional information related to these transactions.

The fair value of the Convertible notes embedded derivative was estimated using Binomial Lattice model and the fair value of Convertible notes hedge and Warrants liability was estimated using Black-Scholes-Merton model. The significant observable inputs, either directly or indirectly, and assumptions used in the models to calculate the fair value of the derivatives include the Company’s common stock price, exercise price of the derivatives, risk-free interest rate, volatility, annual coupon rate and remaining contractual term.

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Notes due 2025 and Notes due 2024. The Company carries the Notes due 2025 and Notes due 2024 (as defined below) at face value less unamortized discount and issuance costs on its condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the Notes due 2025 and Notes due 2024 of $288.9 million and $350.5 million, respectively, was determined based on the closing trading prices per $100 principal amount as of the last day of trading for the period. The Company considers the fair value of the Notes due 2025 and Notes due 2024 to be a Level 2 measurement as they are not actively traded.

Level 3.

Warranty Obligations.

The following table presents the Company’s warranty obligation that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis and its categorization within the fair value hierarchy.



	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
	Level 3		Level 3
Liabilities:
Warranty obligations
Current	$	6,917	$	6,794
Non-current	14,215		13,012
Total warranty obligations measured at fair value	21,132		19,806
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	21,132	$	19,806

Fair Value Option for Warranty Obligations Related to Microinverters Sold Since January 1, 2014

The Company estimates the fair value of warranty obligations by calculating the warranty obligations in the same manner as for sales prior to January 1, 2014 and applying an expected present value technique to that result. The expected present value technique, an income approach, converts future amounts into a single current discounted amount. In addition to the key estimates of failure rates, claim rates and replacement costs, the Company used certain Level 3 inputs which are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Such additional assumptions included a discount rate based on the Company’s credit-adjusted risk-free rate and compensation comprised of a profit element and risk premium required of a market participant to assume the obligation.

The following table provides information regarding changes in nonfinancial liabilities related to the Company’s warranty obligations measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the periods indicated.



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
	(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	20,425		$	12,065		$	19,806		$	11,757
Accruals for warranties issued during period	766			1,312			2,290			2,170
Changes in estimates	983			519			1,598			860
Settlements	(1,511		)	(1,188		)	(3,504		)	(2,460		)
Increase due to accretion expense	804			550			1,578			1,101
Other	(335		)	1,598			(636		)	1,428
Balance at end of period	$	21,132		$	14,856		$	21,132		$	14,856

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Quantitative and Qualitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s liabilities designated as Level 3 are as follows:



			Percent Used (Weighted Average)
Item Measured at Fair Value	Valuation Technique	Description of Significant Unobservable Input	June 30, 2020	December 31, 2019
Warranty obligations for microinverters sold since January 1, 2014	Discounted cash flows	Profit element and risk premium	15%	14%
	Discounted cash flows	Credit-adjusted risk-free rate	16%	16%

Sensitivity of Level 3 Inputs - Warranty Obligations

Each of the significant unobservable inputs is independent of the other. The profit element and risk premium are estimated based on requirements of a third-party participant willing to assume the Company’s warranty obligations. The credit‑adjusted risk‑free rate (“discount rate”) is determined by reference to the Company’s own credit standing at the fair value measurement date. Increasing the profit element and risk premium input by 100 basis points would result in a $0.2 million increase to the liability. Decreasing the profit element and risk premium by 100 basis points would result in a $0.2 million reduction of the liability. Increasing the discount rate by 100 basis points would result in a $0.9 million reduction of the liability. Decreasing the discount rate by 100 basis points would result in a $1.0 million increase to the liability.


7.	RESTRUCTURING

Restructuring expense consist of the following:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Redundancy and employee severance and benefit arrangements	$	—	$	631	$	—	$	1,099
Lease loss reserves	—		—		—		(100		)
Total restructuring charges	$	—	$	631	$	—	$	999

2018 Plan

In the third quarter of 2018, the Company began implementing restructuring actions (the “2018 Plan”) to lower its operating expenses. The restructuring actions include reorganization of the Company’s global workforce, elimination of certain non-core projects and consolidation of facilities. The Company completed its restructuring activities under the 2018 Plan in 2019.

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)


8.	DEBT

The following table provides information regarding the Company’s long-term debt.



	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Convertible notes
Notes due 2025	$	320,000		$	—
Less: unamortized discount and issuance costs	(72,000		)	—
Carrying amount of Notes due 2025	248,000			—

Notes due 2024	132,000			132,000
Less: unamortized discount and issuance costs	(32,301		)	(35,815		)
Carrying amount of Notes due 2024	99,699			96,185

Notes due 2023	5,000			5,000
Less: unamortized issuance costs	(122		)	(143		)
Carrying amount of Notes due 2023	4,878			4,857

Sale of long-term financing receivable recorded as debt	2,868			4,501
Total carrying amount of debt	355,445			105,543
Less: current portion of convertible notes and long-term financing receivable recorded as debt	(102,271		)	(2,884		)
Long-term debt	$	253,174		$	102,659

Convertible Senior Notes due 2025

On March 9, 2020, the Company issued $320.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes due 2025. The Notes due 2025 are general unsecured obligations and bear interest at an annual rate of 0.25% per year, payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning September 1, 2020. The Notes due 2025 are governed by an indenture between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The Notes due 2025 will mature on March 1, 2025, unless earlier repurchased by the Company or converted at the option of the holders. The Company may not redeem the notes prior to the maturity date, and no sinking fund is provided for the notes. The Notes due 2025 may be converted, under certain circumstances as described below, based on an initial conversion rate of 12.2637 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount (which represents an initial conversion price of $81.54 per share). The conversion rate for the Notes due 2025 will be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events but will not be adjusted for accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, upon the occurrence of a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the relevant indenture), the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate by a number of additional shares for a holder that elects to convert its notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change. The Company received approximately $313.0 million in net proceeds, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discount, from the issuance of the Notes due 2025.

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The Notes due 2025 may be converted prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding September 1, 2024, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2020 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the “trading price” (as defined in the relevant indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On and after September 1, 2024 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date of March 1, 2025, holders may convert their notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the relevant indenture), holders may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their Notes due 2025 for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

For the period from March 9, 2020, the issuance date, through May 19, 2020, the number of authorized and unissued shares of the Company’s common stock that are not reserved for other purposes was less than the maximum number of underlying shares that would be required to settle the Notes due 2025 into equity. Accordingly, unless and until the Company had a number of authorized shares that were not issued or reserved for any other purpose that equaled or exceeded the maximum number of underlying shares (“share reservation condition”), the Company would be required to pay to the converting holder in respect of each $1,000 principal amount of notes being converted solely in cash in an amount equal to the sum of the daily conversion values for each of the 20 consecutive trading days during the related observation period. However, following satisfaction of the share reservation condition, the Company could settle conversions of notes through payment or delivery, as the case may be, of cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at the Company’s election.

In accounting for the issuance of the Notes due 2025, on March 9, 2020, the conversion option of the Notes due 2025 was deemed an embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the Notes due 2025 (“host contract”) and separate accounting as an embedded derivative liability, as a result of the Company not having the necessary number of authorized but unissued shares of its common stock available to settle the conversion option of the Notes due 2025 in shares. The proceeds from the Notes due 2025 were first allocated to the embedded derivative liability and the remaining proceeds were then allocated to the host contract. On March 9, 2020, the carrying amount of the embedded derivative liability of $68.7 million representing the conversion option was determined using the Binomial Lattice model and the remaining $251.3 million was allocated to the host contract. The difference between the principal amount of the Notes due 2025 and the fair value of the host contract (the “debt discount”) is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Notes due 2025.

On May 20, 2020, at the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders, the stockholders approved an amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, from 150,000,000 shares to 200,000,000 shares (the “Amendment”). The Amendment became effective upon filing with the Secretary of State of Delaware on May 20, 2020. As a result, the Company satisfied the share reservation condition. The Company may now settle the Notes due 2025 and warrants issued in conjunction with the Notes due 2025 through payment or delivery, as the case may be, of cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at the Company’s election. Accordingly, on May 20, 2020, the embedded derivative liability was remeasured at a fair value of $116.3 million and was then reclassified to additional paid-in-capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheet in the second quarter of 2020 and is no longer remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The Company recorded the change in the fair value of the embedded derivative in other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following table presents the fair value and the change in fair value for the convertible note embedded derivative (in thousands):



Convertible note embedded derivative
(In thousands)
Fair value as of March 9, 2020	$	68,700
Change in the fair value	(23,600		)
Fair value as of March 31, 2020	45,100
Change in the fair value	71,200
Fair value as of May 20, 2020	$	116,300

Debt issuance costs for the issuance of the Notes due 2025 were approximately $7.6 million, consisting of initial purchasers' discount and other issuance costs. In accounting for the transaction costs, the Company allocated the total amount incurred to the Notes due 2025 host contract. Transaction costs were recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the condensed consolidated balance sheet) and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes due 2025.

The following table presents the total amount of interest cost recognized relating to the Notes due 2025:



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020		Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
	(In thousands)
Contractual interest expense	$	200	$	249
Amortization of debt discount	3,069		3,812
Amortization of debt issuance costs	381		468
Total interest cost recognized	$	3,650	$	4,529

The derived effective interest rate on the Notes due 2025 host contract was determined to be 5.18%, which remain unchanged from the date of issuance. The remaining unamortized debt discount was $64.9 million as of June 30, 2020, will be amortized over approximately 4.7 years.

Notes due 2025 Hedge and Warrant Transactions

In connection with the offering of the Notes due 2025, the Company entered into privately-negotiated convertible note hedge transactions pursuant to which the Company has the option to purchase a total of approximately 3.9 million shares of its common stock (subject to anti-dilution adjustments), which is the same number of shares initially issuable upon conversion of the notes, at a price of $81.54 per share, which is the initial conversion price of the Notes due 2025. The total cost of the convertible note hedge transactions was approximately $89.1 million. The convertible note hedge transactions are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the Notes due 2025 and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had not purchased any shares under the convertible note hedge transactions.

Additionally, the Company separately entered into privately-negotiated warrant transactions (the “Warrants”) whereby the Company sold warrants to acquire approximately 3.9 million shares of the Company’s common stock (subject to anti-dilution adjustments) at an initial strike price of $106.94 per share. The Company received aggregate proceeds of approximately $71.6 million from the sale of the Warrants. If the market value per share of the Company’s common stock, as measured under the Warrants, exceeds the strike price of the Warrants, the Warrants will have a dilutive effect on the Company’s earnings per share, unless the Company elects, subject to certain conditions, to settle the Warrants in cash. Taken together, the purchase of the convertible note hedges and the sale of the Warrants are intended to reduce potential dilution from the conversion of the Notes due 2025 and to effectively increase the overall conversion price from $81.54 to $106.94 per share. The Warrants are only exercisable on the applicable expiration dates in accordance with the agreements relating to each of the Warrants. Subject to the other terms of the Warrants, the first expiration date applicable to the Warrants is June 1, 2025, and the final expiration date applicable to the Warrants is September 23, 2025. As of June 30, 2020, the Warrants had not been exercised and remained outstanding.

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

For the period from March 9, 2020, the issuance date of the convertible notes hedge and warrant transactions, through May 19, 2020, the number of authorized and unissued shares of the Company’s common stock that are not reserved for other purposes was less than the maximum number of underlying shares that will be required to settle the Notes due 2025 through the delivery of shares of the Company’s common stock. Accordingly, the convertibles note hedge and the warrant transactions could only be settled on net cash settlement basis. As a result the convertible note hedge and the warrants transaction were classified as a Convertible notes hedge asset and Warrants liability, respectively, in the condensed consolidated balance sheet and the change in fair value of derivatives was included in other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

On May 20, 2020, at the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders, the stockholders approved the Amendment, and as a result, the Convertible notes hedge asset and Warrants liabilities were remeasured at a fair value of $117.1 million and $96.4 million, respectively, and were then reclassified to additional paid-in-capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheet in the second quarter of 2020 and is no longer remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification. The change in the fair value of the Convertible notes hedge asset and Warrants liability were recorded in other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.

The following table presents the fair value and the change in fair value for the Convertible notes hedge asset and Warrants liability:



	Convertible notes hedge			Warrants liability
	(In thousands)
Fair value as of March 9, 2020	$	89,056		$	71,552
Change in the fair value	(41,171		)	(32,915		)
Fair value as of March 31, 2020	47,885			38,637
Change in the fair value	69,223			57,715
Fair value as of May 20, 2020	$	117,108		$	96,352

Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

On June 5, 2019, the Company issued $132.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.0% convertible senior notes due 2024 (the “Notes due 2024”). The Notes due 2024 are general unsecured obligations and bear interest at an annual rate of 1.0% per year, payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning December 1, 2019. The Notes due 2024 are governed by an indenture between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The Notes due 2024 will mature on June 1, 2024, unless earlier repurchased by the Company or converted at the option of the holders. The Company may not redeem the notes prior to the maturity date, and no sinking fund is provided for the notes. The Notes due 2024 may be converted, under certain circumstances as described below, based on an initial conversion rate of 48.7781 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount (which represents an initial conversion price of $20.5010 per share). The conversion rate for the Notes due 2024 will be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events but will not be adjusted for accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, upon the occurrence of a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the relevant indenture), the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate by a number of additional shares for a holder that elects to convert its notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change. The Company received approximately $128.0 million in net proceeds, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discount, from the issuance of the Notes due 2024.

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The Notes due 2024 may be converted on any day prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 1, 2023, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder only under any of the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2019 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to $26.6513 (130% of the conversion price) on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the “trading price” (as defined in the relevant indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On and after December 1, 2023 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date of June 1, 2024, holders may convert their notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the relevant indenture), holders may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their Notes due 2024 for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

As of June 30, 2020, the sale price of the Company’s common stock was greater than or equal to $26.6513 (130% of the notes conversion price) for at least 20 trading days (whether consecutive or not) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days preceding the quarter-ended June 30, 2020. As a result, as of June 30, 2020, the Notes due 2024 are convertible at the holders’ option through September 30, 2020. Accordingly, the Company classified the net carrying amount of the Notes due 2024 of $99.7 million as Debt, current on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2020.

In accounting for the issuance of the Notes due 2024, on June 5, 2019, the Company separated the Notes due 2024 into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component of approximately $95.6 million was calculated by using a discount rate of 7.75%, which was the Company’s borrowing rate on the date of the issuance of the notes for a similar debt instrument without the conversion feature. The carrying amount of the equity component of approximately $36.4 million, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Notes due 2024. The equity component of the Notes due 2024 is included in additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheet and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The difference between the principal amount of the Notes due 2024 and the liability component (the “debt discount”) is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Notes due 2024.

The Company separated the Notes due 2024 into liability and equity components, this resulted in a tax basis difference associated with the liability component that represents a temporary difference. The Company recognized the deferred taxes of $0.3 million for the tax effect of that temporary difference as an adjustment to the equity component included in additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Debt issuance costs for the issuance of the Notes due 2024 were approximately $4.6 million, consisting of initial purchasers' discount and other issuance costs. In accounting for the transaction costs, the Company allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the Notes due 2024. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were approximately $3.3 million, were recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the condensed consolidated balance sheet) and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes due 2024. The transaction costs attributable to the equity component were approximately $1.3 million and were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the unamortized deferred issuance cost for the Notes due 2024 was $2.6 million and $2.9 million, respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following table presents the total amount of interest cost recognized relating to the Notes due 2024:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Contractual interest expense	$	330	$	92	$	660	$	92
Amortization of debt discount	1,621		416		3,183		416
Amortization of debt issuance costs	166		45		332		45
Total interest cost recognized	$	2,117	$	553	$	4,175	$	553

The effective interest rate on the liability component Notes due 2024 was 7.75% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, which remains unchanged from the date of issuance. The remaining unamortized debt discount was $29.7 million and $32.9 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, will be amortized over approximately 3.9 years from June 30, 2020.

Notes due 2024 Hedge and Warrant Transactions

In connection with the offering of the Notes due 2024, the Company entered into privately-negotiated convertible note hedge transactions pursuant to which the Company has the option to purchase a total of approximately 6.4 million shares of its common stock (subject to anti-dilution adjustments), which is the same number of shares initially issuable upon conversion of the notes, at a price of $20.5010 per share, which is the initial conversion price of the Notes due 2024. The total cost of the convertible note hedge transactions was approximately $36.3 million. The convertible note hedge transactions are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the Notes due 2024 and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be. As of June 30, 2020, and through the date of this quarterly report, the Company had not purchased any shares under the convertible note hedge transactions.

Additionally, the Company separately entered into privately-negotiated warrant transactions (the “Warrants”) whereby the Company sold warrants to acquire approximately 6.4 million shares of the Company’s common stock (subject to anti-dilution adjustments) at an initial strike price of $25.2320 per share. The Company received aggregate proceeds of approximately $29.8 million from the sale of the Warrants. If the market value per share of the Company’s common stock, as measured under the Warrants, exceeds the strike price of the Warrants, the Warrants will have a dilutive effect on the Company’s earnings per share, unless the Company elects, subject to certain conditions, to settle the Warrants in cash. Taken together, the purchase of the convertible note hedges and the sale of the Warrants are intended to reduce potential dilution from the conversion of the Notes due 2024 and to effectively increase the overall conversion price from $20.5010 to $25.2320 per share. The Warrants are only exercisable on the applicable expiration dates in accordance with the Warrants. Subject to the other terms of the Warrants, the first expiration date applicable to the Warrants is September 1, 2024, and the final expiration date applicable to the Warrants is April 22, 2025. As of June 30, 2020, and through the report date, the Warrants had not been exercised and remained outstanding.

Given that the transactions meet certain accounting criteria, the Notes due 2024 hedge and the warrants transactions are recorded in stockholders’ equity, and they are not accounted for as derivatives and are not remeasured each reporting period.

Convertible Senior Notes due 2023

In August 2018, the Company sold $65.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.0% convertible senior notes due 2023 (the “Notes due 2023”) in a private placement. On May 30, 2019, the Company entered into separately and privately negotiated transactions with certain holders of the Notes due 2023 resulting in the repurchase and exchange, as of June 5, 2019, of $60.0 million aggregate principal amount of the notes in consideration for the issuance of 10,801,080 shares of common stock and separate cash payments totaling $6.0 million. As of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $5.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes due 2023 remain outstanding.

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The remaining outstanding Notes due 2023 are general unsecured obligations and bear interest at a rate of 4.0% per year, payable semi-annually on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The Notes due 2023 are governed by an indenture between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The remaining outstanding Notes due 2023 will mature on August 1, 2023, unless earlier repurchased by the Company or converted at the option of the holders. The Company may not redeem the remaining Notes due 2023 prior to the maturity date, and no sinking fund is provided for such notes. The remaining Notes due 2023 are convertible, at a holder’s election, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, into shares of the Company’s common stock based on the applicable conversion rate. The initial conversion rate for such notes is 180.0180 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes (which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $5.56 per share). The conversion rate and the corresponding conversion price are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. Holders of the remaining Notes due 2023 who convert their notes in connection with a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the applicable indenture) are, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. Additionally, in the event of a fundamental change, holders of the remaining Notes due 2023 may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, including any additional interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date. Holders may convert all or any portion of their Notes due 2023 at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount.

The following table presents the amount of interest cost recognized relating to the contractual interest coupon and the amortization of debt issuance costs of the Notes due 2023.



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Contractual interest expense	$	50	$	483	$	100	$	1,133
Amortization of debt issuance costs	10		96		20		225
Total interest costs recognized	$	60	$	579	$	120	$	1,358

Sale of Long-Term Financing Receivables

The Company entered into an agreement with a third party in the fourth quarter of 2017 to sell certain current and future receivables at a discount. In December 2017, the third party made an initial purchase of receivables that resulted in net proceeds to the Company of $2.8 million. This transaction was recorded as debt on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, and the debt balance was relieved in January 2019 as the underlying receivables were settled. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the third party made three additional purchases of receivables that resulted in total net proceeds to the Company of $5.6 million. These transactions were recorded as debt on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets, and the total associated debt balance will be relieved by September 2021 as the underlying receivables are settled.


9.	COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Leases

The Company leases office facilities under noncancelable operating leases that expire on various dates through 2028, some of which may include options to extend the leases for up to 12 years.

The components of lease expense are presented as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Operating lease costs	$	1,280	$	564	$	2,502	$	1,063

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The components of lease liabilities are presented as follows:



	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Operating lease liabilities, current (Accrued liabilities)	$	3,570	$	3,170
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent (Other liabilities)	10,202		9,542
Total operating lease liabilities	$	13,772	$	12,712

Supplemental lease information:
Weighted average remaining lease term	5.4 years		5.5 years
Weighted average discount rate	8.3%		8.6%

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to operating leases, are as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	1,145	$	857	$	2,159	$	1,594

Non-cash investing activities:
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	$	—	$	4,834	$	2,941	$	4,834

Undiscounted cash flows of operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2020 are as follows:



	Lease Amounts
	(In thousands)
Year:
2020 (remaining six months)	$	2,307
2021	4,679
2022	3,365
2023	2,648
2024	1,445
2025 and thereafter	1,949
Total lease payments	16,393
Less: imputed lease interest	(2,621		)
Total lease liabilities	$	13,772

Purchase Obligations

The Company has contractual obligations related to component inventory that its primary contract manufacturer procures on its behalf in accordance with its production forecast as well as other inventory related purchase commitments. As of June 30, 2020, these purchase obligations totaled approximately $75.2 million.

Letter of Credits

The Company had a standby letter of credit in the aggregate amount of $44.7 million, primarily in connection with one of its customer contracts. The letter of credit served as a performance security for product delivered to the

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

customer in the first quarter of 2020 and expired on April 30, 2020. No amounts were drawn against this letter of credit. As of June 30, 2020, the Company has no letter of credit outstanding.

Litigation

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings relating to claims arising out of its operations that have not been fully resolved. The outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain. If one or more legal matters were resolved against the Company in a reporting period for amounts above management’s expectations, the Company’s business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows for that reporting period could be materially adversely affected. As of August 4, 2020, the Company is not currently a party to any matters that the management expects will have an adverse material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Contingencies

Since late September 2018, the Company has paid tariffs imposed on its microinverters by the China Section 301 Tariff Actions (“Section 301 Tariffs”) taken by the Office of the United States Trade Representative (the “USTR”). The Company has sought refunds on tariffs previously paid on certain microinverter products that fit the dimensions and weight limits within a Section 301 Tariff exclusion under U.S. note 20(ss)(40) to subchapter III of chapter 99 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (the “Tariff Exclusion”). There is no material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. The Company expects there will be a material positive impact on the Company’s financial statements if all of the requested refunds are approved in the future, totaling approximately $39 million plus accrued interest. The Tariff Exclusion expires on August 7, 2020, and the Company has filed a comment with the USTR supporting an extension of the Tariff Exclusion. The Company continues to pay Section 301 Tariffs on its storage and communication products and other accessories imported from China which are not subject to the Tariff Exclusion.


10.	STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based awards expected to vest is measured at fair value on the date of grant and recognized ratably over the requisite service period. The following table summarizes the components of total stock-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented.



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Cost of revenues	$	1,337	$	386	$	1,943	$	617
Research and development	3,263		1,128		5,182		1,844
Sales and marketing	3,610		1,360		5,552		2,359
General and administrative	4,090		1,729		7,138		3,017
Restructuring	—		332		—		387
Total	$	12,300	$	4,935	$	19,815	$	8,224

The following table summarizes the various types of stock-based compensation expense for the periods presented.



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Stock options, RSUs, and PSUs	$	11,557	$	4,760	$	18,634	$	7,982
Employee stock purchase plan	743		175		1,181		242
Total	$	12,300	$	4,935	$	19,815	$	8,224

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

As of June 30, 2020, there was approximately $76.9 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested equity awards, which are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years.

Valuation of Equity Awards

Stock Options

The fair value of each option granted was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

•

Expected term—The expected term of the option awards represents the period of time between the grant date of the option awards and the date the option awards are either exercised, converted or canceled, including an estimate for those option awards still outstanding. The Company used the simplified method, as permitted by the SEC for companies with a limited history of stock option exercise activity, to determine the expected term for its option grants.


•	Expected volatility—The expected volatility was calculated based on the Company’s historical stock prices, supplemented as necessary with historical volatility of the common stock of several peer companies with characteristics similar to those of the Company.


•	Risk-free interest rate—The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant and with a maturity that approximated the Company’s expected term.


•	Dividend yield—The dividend yield was based on the Company’s dividend history and the anticipated dividend payout over its expected term.

The following table presents the weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted for the periods presented and the assumptions used to estimate those values using a Black-Scholes option pricing model.



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Weighted average grant date fair value	$	38.45		$	9.16		$	38.45		$	9.16
Expected term (in years)	3.8			3.8			3.8			3.8
Expected volatility	86.4		%	89.1		%	86.4		%	89.1		%
Annual risk-free rate of return	0.1		%	2.1		%	0.1		%	2.1		%
Dividend yield	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%

Restricted Stock Units

The fair value of the Company’s restricted stock units (“RSU”) awards granted is based upon the closing price of the Company’s stock price on the date of grant.

Performance Stock Units

The fair value of the Company’s non-market performance stock units (“PSU”) awards granted was based upon the closing price of the Company’s stock price on the date of grant. The fair value of awards of the Company’s PSU awards containing market conditions was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model based upon the terms of the conditions, the expected volatility of the underlying security, and other relevant factors.

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Equity Awards Activity

Stock Options

The following is a summary of stock option activity.



	Number of Shares Outstanding		Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value ⁽¹⁾
	(In thousands)				(Years)	(In thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	4,097		$	2.18
Granted	11		64.17
Exercised	(968	)	2.08			$	50,611
Canceled	(75	)	7.34
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	3,065		$	2.30	4.0	$	138,877
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2020	3,065		$	2.30	3.0	$	138,877
Exercisable at June 30, 2020	2,270		$	2.37	3.9	$	102,649

(1)

The intrinsic value of options exercised is based upon the value of the Company’s stock at exercise. The intrinsic value of options outstanding, vested and expected to vest, and exercisable as of June 30, 2020 is based on the closing price of the Company’s stock fair value on June 30, 2020 or the earlier of the last trading day prior to June 30, 2020, if June 30, 2020 is a non-trading day. The Company’s stock fair value used in this computation was $47.57 per share.

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at June 30, 2020.



	Options Outstanding				Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices	Number of Shares	Weighted- Average Remaining Life	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Number of Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price
	(In thousands)	(Years)			(In thousands)
$0.70 —– $1.11	706	4.6	$	0.82	546	$	0.80
$1.29 —– $1.29	1,000	4.2	1.29		687	1.29
$1.31 —– $1.31	709	3.8	1.31		500	1.31
$1.37 —– $14.58	639	3.2	5.60		536	6.22
$64.17 —– $64.17	11	6.9	64.17		1	64.17
Total	3,065	4.0	$	2.30	2,270	$	2.37

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Restricted Stock Units

The following is a summary of RSU activity.



	Number of Shares Outstanding		Weighted- Average Fair Value per Share at Grant Date		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value ⁽¹⁾
	(In thousands)				(Years)	(In thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	4,263		$	7.19
Granted	1,077		36.62
Vested	(1,380	)	6.60			$	55,925
Canceled	(66	)	16.15
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	3,894		$	15.39	1.24	$	185,236
Expected to vest at June 30, 2020	3,894		$	15.39	1.24	$	185,236

(1)

The intrinsic value of RSUs vested is based upon the value of the Company’s stock when vested. The intrinsic value of RSUs outstanding and expected to vest as of June 30, 2020 is based on the closing price of the Company’s stock on June 30, 2020 or the earlier of the last trading day prior to June 30, 2020, if June 30, 2020 is a non-trading day. The Company’s stock fair value used in this computation was $47.57 per share.

Performance Stock Units

The following is a summary of PSU activity.



	Number of Shares Outstanding		Weighted- Average Fair Value per Share at Grant Date		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value ⁽¹⁾
	(In thousands)				(Years)	(In thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	955		$	9.83
Granted	974		30.45
Vested	(1,450	)	10.20			$	52,144
Canceled	—		—
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	479		$	50.37	0.7	$	22,777

(1)

The intrinsic value of PSUs vested is based upon the value of the Company’s stock when vested. The intrinsic value of PSUs outstanding and expected to vest as of June 30, 2020 is based on the closing price of the Company’s stock on June 30, 2020 or the earlier of the last trading day prior to June 30, 2020, if June 30, 2020 is a non-trading day. The Company’s stock fair value used in this computation was $47.57 per share.


11.	INCOME TAXES

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company’s income tax benefit of $6.6 million and $18.4 million, respectively, on a net loss before income taxes of $53.9 million and on a net income before income taxes of $3.2 million, respectively, calculated using the annualized effective tax rate method, was primarily due to tax deduction from employee stock compensation as a discrete event, partially offset by projected tax expense in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions that are profitable. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company’s income tax provision of $0.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively, on income before income taxes of $11.2 million and $14.3 million, respectively, calculated using the discrete tax approach, was primarily related to income taxes attributable to its foreign operations.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, in accordance with FASB guidance for interim reporting of income tax, the Company has computed its provision for income taxes based on a projected annual effective tax rate while excluding loss jurisdictions which cannot be benefited.

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The Company used the discrete tax approach in calculating the tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 due to the fact that a relatively small change in the Company’s projected pre-tax net income (loss) could result in a volatile effective tax rate. Under the discrete method, the Company determines its tax (expense) benefit based upon actual results as if the interim period was an annual period. The tax provision recorded was primarily related to income taxes attributable to its foreign operations.


12.	NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed in a similar manner, but it also includes the effect of potential common shares outstanding during the period, when dilutive. Potential common shares include Stock Options, RSUs, PSUs, shares to be purchased under the Company’s ESPP, the Notes due 2023, the Notes due 2024, Warrants issued in conjunction with the Notes due 2024, and from May 20, 2020 to the end of the reporting period, the Notes due 2025 and Warrants issued in conjunction with the Notes due 2025. See Note 8. “Debt” for additional information.

The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive common shares is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method for stock options, RSUs, PSUs, Notes due 2024, warrants issued in conjunction with the Notes due 2024, Notes due 2025, warrants issued in conjunction with the Notes due 2025 and shares to be purchased under the ESPP, and by application of the if-converted method for the Notes due 2023. To the extent these potential common shares are antidilutive, they are excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share.

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the periods presented.



	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019		2020		2019
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	(47,294	)	$	10,618	$	21,642	$	13,383
Notes due 2023 interest and financing costs, net	—			430		89		1,006
Adjusted net income (loss)	$	(47,294	)	$	11,048	$	21,731	$	14,389

Denominator:
Shares used in basic per share amounts:
Weighted average common shares outstanding	125,603			113,677		124,567		110,951

Shares used in diluted per share amounts:
Weighted average common shares outstanding	125,603			113,677		124,567		110,951
Effect of dilutive securities:
Employee stock-based awards	—			8,326		7,449		8,240
Warrants (issued in conjunction with Notes due 2024)	—			—		2,641		—
Notes due 2024	—			—		3,353		—
Notes due 2023	—			8,734		900		10,209
Weighted average common shares outstanding for diluted calculation	125,603			130,737		138,910		129,400

Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share
Net income (loss) per share, basic	$	(0.38	)	$	0.09	$	0.17	$	0.12
Net income per share, diluted	$	(0.38	)	$	0.08	$	0.16	$	0.11

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of the diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders because their effect would have been antidilutive.



	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020	2019	2020	2019
	(In thousands)
Employee stock-based awards	6,459	66	294	77
Warrants (issued in conjunction with Notes due 2024)	3,039	—	—	—
Notes due 2024	3,677	—	—	—
Warrants (issued in conjunction with Notes due 2025)	3,924	—	3,430	—
Notes due 2025	2,771	—	2,031	—
Notes due 2023	900	—	—	—
Total	20,770	66	5,755	77

The Company had a net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2020, hence all common stock issuable under stock options, RSUs, PSUs, and shares to be purchased under the ESPP, the Notes due 2023, the Notes due 2024 and, warrants issued in conjunction with the Notes due 2024, Notes due 2025 and warrants issued in conjunction with the Notes due 2025 were excluded because including such shares would have been antidilutive. Diluted earnings per share for the six months ended June 30, 2020 includes the dilutive effect of stock options, RSUs, PSUs, and shares to be purchased under the ESPP, the Notes due 2023, the Notes due 2024 and warrants issued in conjunction with the Notes due 2024. Certain common stock issuable under stock options, RSUs, PSUs, Notes due 2025 and warrants issued in conjunction with the Notes due 2025 have been omitted from the diluted net income per share calculation because including such shares would have been antidilutive.

Diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 includes the dilutive effect of stock options, RSUs, PSUs, and shares to be purchased under the ESPP and the Notes due 2023. Certain common stock issuable under stock options, RSUs and PSUs have been omitted from the diluted net income per share calculation because including such shares would have been antidilutive.

Since the Company has the intent and ability to settle the aggregate principal amount of the Notes due 2024 and Notes due 2025 in cash and any excess in shares of the Company’s common stock, the Company uses the treasury stock method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion spread on diluted net income per share, if applicable. In order to compute the dilutive effect, the number of shares included in the denominator of diluted net income per share is determined by dividing the conversion spread value of the “in-the-money” Notes due 2024 and Notes due 2025 by the Company’s average share price during the period and including the resulting share amount in the diluted net income per share denominator. The conversion spread will have a dilutive impact on net income per share of common stock when the average market price of the Company’s common stock for a given period exceeds the conversion price of $20.50 per share and $81.54 per share for the Notes due 2024 and Notes due 2025, respectively.


13.	RELATED PARTY

In 2018, a member of the Company’s board of directors and one of its principal stockholders, Thurman John Rodgers, purchased $5.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes due 2023 in a concurrent private placement. As of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $5.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes due 2023 were outstanding. See Note 8. “Debt” for additional information related to this purchase.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations and involves risks and uncertainties. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “intend,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Such statements, include but are not limited to statements regarding our expectations as to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, future financial performance, expense levels, liquidity sources, the capabilities and performance of our technology and products and planned changes, timing of new product releases, our business strategies, including anticipated trends, growth and developments in markets in which we target, the anticipated market adoption of our current and future products, performance in operations, including component supply management, product quality and customer service, impact of current litigation on our business, results of operation, financial position or cash flows, and the anticipated benefits and risks relating to the transaction with SunPower Corporation. Our actual results and the timing of events may differ materially from those discussed in our forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Overview

We are a global energy technology company. We deliver smart, easy-to-use solutions that manage solar generation, storage and communication on one intelligent platform. We revolutionized the solar industry with our microinverter technology and we produce a fully integrated solar-plus-storage solution. We have shipped more than 28 million microinverters, and over 1.2 million Enphase residential and commercial systems have been deployed in more than 130 countries.

We sell our solutions primarily to distributors who resell them to solar installers. We also sell directly to large installers, OEMs, strategic partners and homeowners. Our revenue in the first quarter of 2020 was positively impacted by the scheduled phase-down of the investment tax credit for solar projects under Section 48(a) (the “ITC”) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The historical ITC percentage has decreased from 30% to 26% of the basis of a solar energy system that began construction during 2020, 22% for 2021, and zero for residential and 10% for commercial if construction begins after 2021 or if the solar energy system is placed into service after 2023. As a result, several of our customers explored opportunities to purchase products in 2019 to take advantage of safe harbor guidance from the IRS published in June 2018, allowing them to preserve the historical 30% investment tax credit for solar equipment purchased in 2019 for solar projects that are completed after December 31, 2019. Safe harbor prepayments from customers in the fourth quarter of 2019 resulted in $44.5 million of revenue recognized in the first quarter of 2020 when we delivered the product.

On March 9, 2020, we issued $320.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the “Notes due 2025”) in a private placement. The Notes due 2025 are general unsecured obligations and bear interest at a rate of 0.25% per year, payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning on September 1, 2020. The Notes due 2025 will mature on March 1, 2025, unless earlier repurchased by us or converted at the option of the holders. Further information relating to the Notes due 2025 may be found in Note 8, “Debt,” of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q and below under “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Since late September 2018, we have paid tariffs imposed on the microinverters by the China Section 301 Tariff Actions (“Section 301 Tariffs”) taken by the Office of the United States Trade Representative (the “USTR”). We have sought refunds on tariffs previously paid on certain microinverter products that fit the dimensions and weight limits within a Section 301 Tariff exclusion under U.S. note 20(ss)(40) to subchapter III of chapter 99 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (the “Tariff Exclusion”). There is no material impact on our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. We expect there will be a positive material impact on our financial statements if all of the requested refunds are approved in the future, totaling approximately $39 million plus accrued interest. The Tariff Exclusion expires on August 7, 2020, and we have filed a comment with the USTR supporting an extension of the Tariff Exclusion. We continue to pay Section 301 Tariffs on our storage and communication products and other accessories imported from China which are not subject to the Tariff Exclusion.

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Impact of COVID-19

The ongoing worldwide COVID-19 pandemic (“COVID-19”) continues to spread globally and cause disruptions and uncertainties, including in the core markets in which we operate. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly curtailed the movement of people, goods and services and had a notable impact on general economic conditions, including but not limited to the temporary closures of many businesses, “shelter in place” orders and other governmental regulations, and reduced consumer spending. The most significant near-term impacts of COVID-19 on our financial performance are a decline in sales orders as future residential and commercial system owners are canceling sales meetings with system installation professionals or postponing system installations. As the purchase of new solar energy management solutions declines as part of the impact of COVID-19 on consumer spending, many businesses through which we distribute our products are working at limited operational capacity. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our future operational and financial performance will depend on various future developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak, impact on our employees, impact on our customers, effect on our sales cycles or costs, and effect on our supply chain and vendors, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted, but which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Further information relating to the risks and uncertainties related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may be found in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Form 10-Q, as well as in the “Risk Factors” section in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K that could be heightened due to duration and spread, among other impacts of the pandemic.

Products

We design, develop, manufacture and sell home energy solutions that manage energy generation, energy storage and control and communications on one intelligent platform. We have revolutionized the solar industry by bringing a systems approach to solar technology and by pioneering a semiconductor-based microinverter that converts energy at the individual solar module level and, combined with our proprietary networking and software technologies, provides advanced energy monitoring and control. This is vastly different than a central inverter system using string modules, with or without an optimizer, approach that only converts energy of the entire array of solar modules from a single high voltage electrical unit and lacks intelligence about the energy producing capacity of the solar array.

The Enphase Home Energy Solution with IQ™ platform enables self-consumption and delivers our core value proposition of yielding more energy, simplifying design and installation, and improving system uptime and reliability. The IQ™ family of microinverters, like all of our previous microinverters, is fully compliant with NEC 2014 and 2017 rapid shutdown requirements. Unlike string inverters, this capability is built-in, with no additional equipment necessary.

Our integrated approach to energy management helps to facilitate ease of installation and optimizing a home’s energy usage. Enphase’s Always-On connected system also provides advanced monitoring and remote maintenance capabilities. The Enphase Home Energy Solution with IQ uses a single technology platform for seamless management of the whole solution, enabling rapid commissioning with the Installer Toolkit™; consumption monitoring with our Enphase Combiner 3C™ that includes the Envoy™ Communications Gateway, Enphase Enlighten™, a cloud-based energy management platform, Enphase IQ Combiner 3C™, designed to provide an uninterrupted connectivity to Enphase Enlighten, and our Enphase AC Battery™. System owners can use Enphase Enlighten to monitor their home’s solar generation, energy storage and consumption from any web-enabled device. Unlike some of our competitors, who utilize a traditional inverter, or offer separate components of solutions, we have built-in system redundancy in both photovoltaic (“PV”) generation and energy storage, eliminating the risk that comes with a single-point of failure. Further, the nature of our cloud-based, monitored system allows for remote firmware and software updates, enabling cost-effective remote maintenance and ongoing utility compliance.

The Enphase IQ 7™ microinverter and Enphase IQ 7+™ microinverter, part of our seventh-generation IQ™ product family, support high-powered 60-cell and 72-cell solar modules and integrate with alternating current (“AC”) modules. Our IQ 7X™ product addresses 96-cell PV modules up to 400W direct current (“DC”) and with its 97.5 percent California Energy Commission (“CEC”) efficiency rating, is ideal for integration into high power modules. Our IQ 7A™ microinverters are for solar modules up to 450 W, targeting high-power residential and commercial applications. Our customers should be able to pair the IQ 7A microinverter with monofacial or bifacial solar modules, up to 450 W, from solar module manufacturers who are expected to introduce high-power variants of their products in the next three years.

AC Module (ACM) products are integrated systems which allow installers to be more competitive through improved logistics, reduced installation times, faster inspection and training. We continued to make steady progress during the second quarter of 2020 with our ACM partners, including SunPower, Panasonic Corporation of North America,

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LONGi Solar, and Solaria Corporation. We announced a strategic partnership with Hanwha Q CELLS in the second quarter of 2020 to develop Enphase Energized™ Q CELLS ACM products based on seventh-generation Enphase IQ microinverters. The first Enphase Energized Q CELLS ACM products are now available from major distributors in the U.S. We announced in July 2020 a strategic partnership with SunPower to produce the new Enphase Energized™ Maxeon ACM, based on our seventh-generation Enphase IQ microinverters. The ACM will be commercialized by Maxeon Solar Technologies, the planned spin-off from SunPower, and will be available to residential customers in key international markets through authorized installer networks and distributors starting in the fourth quarter of 2020.

Our next-generation battery in North America is Enphase Encharge 3™ or Encharge 10™ storage systems, with usable and scalable capacity of 3.4 kWh and 10.1 kWh, respectively. Enphase Encharge™ storage systems feature Enphase embedded grid-forming microinverters that enable the Always-On capability that keeps homes powered when the grid goes down, and the ability to save money when the grid is up. These systems are compatible with both new and existing Enphase IQ solar systems with IQ 6™ or IQ 7™ microinverters and provide a simple upgrade path for our existing solar customers. We started shipping Enphase Encharge products in the second quarter of 2020.

Our next-generation IQ 8™ system is based upon our Always On Enphase Ensemble™ energy management technology. This system has five components: 1) energy generation, which is accomplished with the grid-agnostic microinverter IQ 8; 2) energy storage, which is achieved by the Encharge™ battery with capacities of 3.4 kWh and 10.1 kWh; 3) Enpower™ smart switch, which includes a microgrid interconnect device (MID); 4) communication and control via the combiner box with the Envoy gateway; and 5) Enlighten, which is the internet of things, or IoT, cloud software.

Results of Operations

Net Revenues



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change in					Six Months Ended June 30,				Change in
	2020		2019		$			%		2020		2019		$		%
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Net revenues	$	125,538	$	134,094	$	(8,556	)	(6	)%	$	331,083	$	234,244	$	96,839	41	%

Three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Net revenues decreased by 6% or $8.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, primarily due to the 15% decrease in microinverter unit volume shipped as a result of a decline in sales orders during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sold approximately 1,088 thousand microinverter units in the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to approximately 1,284 thousand units in the same period in 2019.

Six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Net revenues increased by 41% or $96.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, primarily due to the 37% increase in microinverter unit volume shipped primarily as a result of business growth in the U.S. as well as higher units shipped in the first quarter of 2020 as our customers took advantage of safe harbor guidance from the IRS. We sold approximately 3,100 thousand microinverter units in the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to approximately 2,260 thousand units in the same period in 2019.

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Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change in					Six Months Ended June 30,						Change in
	2020			2019			$			%		2020			2019			$		%
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Cost of revenues	$	77,151		$	88,775		$	(11,624	)	(13	)%	$	202,021		$	155,586		$	46,435	30	%
Gross profit	48,387			45,319			3,068			7	%	129,062			78,658			50,404		64	%
Gross margin	38.5		%	33.8		%						39.0		%	33.6		%

Three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Cost of revenues decreased by 13% or $11.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, primarily due to lower volume of microinverter units sold as a result of a decline in sales orders during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a decrease in the unit cost of our products as a result of our cost reduction efforts. Gross margin increased by 4.7 percentage points for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019. The increase in gross margin was primarily attributable to our overall pricing and cost management efforts, including the transition of our contract manufacturing to Mexico to mitigate tariffs, partially offset by a higher fixed costs per unit due to lower volume. IQ 7 sales represented almost 100% of our total microinverter sales for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to 98% of our total microinverter sales in in the same period in 2019.

Six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Cost of revenues increased by 30% or $46.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, primarily due to higher volume of microinverter units sold primarily as a result of business growth in the U.S., as well as higher units shipped in the first quarter of 2020 as our customers took advantage of safe harbor guidance from the IRS, partially offset by a decrease in the unit cost of our products as a result of our cost reduction efforts. Gross margin increased by 5.4 percentage points for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019. The increase in gross margin was primarily attributable to our overall pricing and cost management efforts, including the transition of our contract manufacturing to Mexico to mitigate tariffs. IQ 7 sales represented almost 100% of our total microinverter sales for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to 96% of our total microinverter sales in in the same period in 2019.

Research and Development



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change in				Six Months Ended June 30,						Change in
	2020			2019			$		%		2020			2019			$		%
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Research and development	$	13,192		$	9,604		$	3,588	37	%	$	25,068		$	18,128		$	6,940	38	%
Percentage of net revenues	11		%	7		%					8		%	8		%

Three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Research and development expense increased by 37% or $3.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily due to $2.6 million higher personnel-related expenses and $0.9 million of outside consulting and engineering services associated with the innovation and development, introduction and qualification of new products. The increase in personnel-related expenses was primarily due to hiring employees in New Zealand, India and U.S., increasing total compensation costs. The amount of research and development expenses may fluctuate from period to period due to differing levels and stages of development activity.

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Six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Research and development expense increased by 38% or $6.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily due to $5.5 million higher personnel-related expenses and $1.5 million of outside consulting and engineering services associated with the innovation and development, introduction and qualification of new products. The increase in personnel-related expenses was primarily due to hiring employees in New Zealand, India and US, increasing total compensation costs. The amount of research and development expenses may fluctuate from period to period due to differing levels and stages of development activity.

Sales and Marketing



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change in				Six Months Ended June 30,						Change in
	2020			2019			$		%		2020			2019			$		%
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Sales and marketing	$	12,371		$	9,054		$	3,317	37	%	$	24,143		$	16,487		$	7,656	46	%
Percentage of net revenues	10		%	7		%					7		%	7		%

Three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Sales and marketing expense increased by 37% or $3.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily due to $3.3 million of higher personnel-related expenses as a result of our efforts to improve customer experience by hiring additional employees to reduce the average call wait time for customers, as well as support our business growth in the U.S. and international expansion in Europe, and $0.3 million for a combination of higher professional services, advertising and marketing expenditures to enable business growth, partially offset by $0.4 million reduction in travel expenditure as we implemented travel restrictions prohibiting all non-essential business travel and converting where possible our in-person sales, trainings and marketing events to virtual-only due to COVID-19.

Six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Sales and marketing expense increased by 46% or $7.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily due to $6.3 million of higher personnel-related expenses as result of our efforts to improve customer experience by hiring additional employees to reduce the average call wait time for customers, as well as support our business growth in the U.S. and international expansion in Europe, and $1.3 million for a combination of higher professional services, advertising and marketing expenditures to enable business growth, partially offset by $0.2 million reduction in travel expenditure as we implemented travel restrictions prohibiting all non-essential business travel and converting where possible our in-person sales, trainings and marketing events to virtual-only due to COVID-19.

General and Administrative



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change in				Six Months Ended June 30,						Change in
	2020			2019			$		%		2020			2019			$		%
	(In thousands, except percentages)
General and administrative	$	11,970		$	8,583		$	3,387	39	%	$	24,285		$	18,463		$	5,822	32	%
Percentage of net revenues	10		%	6		%					7		%	8		%

Three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

General and administrative expense increased 39% or $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily due to $2.6 million of higher personnel-related expenses, $0.6 million higher professional services and $0.3 million of higher facilities costs to support our business growth, partially offset by $0.2 million reduction in travel expenditures as we implemented travel restrictions prohibiting all non-essential business travel in response to COVID-19.

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Six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

General and administrative expense increased 32% or $5.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily due to $5.5 million of higher personnel-related expenses and $0.6 million of higher facilities costs to support our business growth, partially offset by $0.2 million reduction in travel expenditures as we implemented travel restrictions prohibiting all non-essential business travel in response to COVID-19.

Restructuring Charges



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change in					Six Months Ended June 30,				Change in
	2020		2019		$			%		2020		2019		$			%
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Restructuring charges	$	—	$	631	$	(631	)	(100	)%	$	—	$	999	$	(999	)	(100	)%

Three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

We completed our 2018 restructuring plan in 2019, hence we incurred no restructuring expenses during the three months ended June 30, 2020. Restructuring charges for three months ended June 30, 2019 primarily included $0.6 million of one-time termination benefits and other employee-related expenses under our 2018 Plan.

Six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

We completed our 2018 restructuring plan in 2019, hence we incurred no restructuring expenses during the six months ended June 30, 2020. Restructuring expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 primarily include $1.1 million of one-time termination benefits and other employee-related expenses under our 2018 Plan, partially offset by a $0.1 million reduction in lease loss reserve.

Other Expense, Net



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change in					Six Months Ended June 30,						Change in
	2020			2019			$			%		2020			2019			$			%
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Interest income	$	282		$	593		$	(311	)	(52	)%	$	1,373		$	804		$	569		71	%
Interest expense	(5,952		)	(1,351		)	(4,601		)	341	%	(9,107		)	(5,102		)	(4,005		)	78	%
Other (expense) income, net	653			(5,480		)	6,133			(112	)%	(271		)	(5,961		)	5,690			(95	)%
Change in fair value of derivatives	(59,692		)	—			(59,692		)	**		$	(44,348	)	$	—		$	(44,348	)	**
Total other expense, net	$	(64,709	)	$	(6,238	)	$	(58,471	)	(937	)%	$	(52,353	)	$	(10,259	)	$	(42,094	)	(410	)%

** Not meaningful

Three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Interest income of $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 decreased, as compared to $0.6 million in the same period in 2019, primarily due to significant decline in interest rates earned on cash balances, partially offset by higher average cash balance earning interest in the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019.

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Interest expense of $6.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 primarily includes $5.8 million related to the accretion of the debt discount, amortization of debt issuance cost and coupon interest incurred associated with our Notes due 2024 and Notes due 2025, interest expense of $0.1 million related to coupon interest incurred and amortization of debt issuance costs associated with our Notes due 2023 and $0.1 million of interest expense related to long-term financing receivable recorded as debt and. Interest expense of $1.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 primarily includes $0.6 million related to the accretion of the debt discount, amortization of debt issuance cost and coupon interest incurred associated with our Notes due 2024, interest expense of $0.6 million related to coupon interest incurred and amortization of debt issuance costs associated with our Notes due 2023 and $0.1 million interest expense related to long-term financing receivable recorded as debt.

Other (expense) income, net of $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, relates to a net gain related to foreign currency exchange and remeasurement. Other (expense) income, net of $5.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily relates to the $6.0 million fees paid for the repurchase and exchange of our Notes due 2023, partially offset by a net gain related to foreign currency exchange and remeasurement of $0.5 million.

Change in fair value of derivatives of $59.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2020 primarily includes the charge recognized for the change in fair value of our convertible notes embedded derivative and warrants of $71.2 million and $57.7 million, respectively. This charge is partially offset by a gain recognized for the change in fair value of our convertible notes hedge of $69.2 million. See Note 8, “Debt,” of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional information.

Six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Interest income of $1.4 million the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased, as compared to $0.8 million in the same period in 2019, primarily due to interest earned on a higher average cash balance, partially offset by significant decline in interest rates.

Interest expense of $9.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily includes $8.7 million related to the accretion of the debt discount, amortization of debt issuance cost and coupon interest incurred associated with our Notes due 2024 and Notes due 2025, $0.3 million of interest expense related to long-term financing receivable recorded as debt and interest expense of $0.1 million related to coupon interest incurred and amortization of debt issuance costs associated with our Notes due 2023.. Interest expense of $5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 primarily includes $3.2 million related to the repayment of our term loans, interest expense of $1.4 million related to coupon interest incurred and amortization of debt issuance costs associated with our Notes due 2023, and $0.6 million related to the accretion of the debt discount, amortization of debt issuance cost and coupon interest incurred associated with our Notes due 2024.

Other (expense) income, net of $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily relates to the net loss related to foreign currency exchange and remeasurement. Other (expense) income, net of $6.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 primarily relates to the $6.0 million fees paid for the repurchase and exchange of our Notes due 2023.

Change in fair value of derivatives of $44.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 primarily includes the charge recognized for the change in fair value of our convertible notes embedded derivative and warrants of $47.6 million and $24.7 million, respectively. This charge is partially offset by a gain recognized for the change in fair value of our convertible notes hedge of $28.0 million. See Note 8, “Debt,” of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional information.

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Income Tax Benefit (Provision)



	Three Months Ended June 30,					Change in			Six Months Ended June 30,					Change in
	2020		2019			$		%	2020		2019			$		%
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Income tax benefit (provision)	$	6,561	$	(591	)	$	7,152	**	$	18,429	$	(939	)	$	19,368	**

** Not meaningful

Three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

The income tax benefit of $6.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, calculated using the annualized effective tax rate method, increased compared to the income tax provision of $0.6 million in 2019, calculated using the discrete tax approach, which is due to increased tax deduction of stock based compensation partially offset by higher projected tax expense in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions that are profitable in 2020 compared to 2019.

Six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

The income tax benefit of $18.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, calculated using the annualized effective tax rate method, increased compared to the income tax provision of $0.9 million in 2019, calculated using the discrete tax approach, which is due to tax deduction from employee stock compensation as a discrete event in the six months ended June 30, 2020, partially offset by higher projected tax expense in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions that are profitable in 2020 compared to 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

As of June 30, 2020, we had $607.3 million in cash and cash equivalents and $533.7 million in working capital. Cash and cash equivalents held in the U.S. were $600.5 million and consisted primarily of U.S. government money market mutual funds and both interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing deposits, with the remainder held in various foreign subsidiaries. We consider amounts held outside the U.S. to be accessible and have provided for the estimated U.S. income tax liability associated with our foreign earnings. However, our liquidity may be negatively impacted if sales decline significantly for an extended period due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic and our precautionary measures in response thereto impact our business and liquidity will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be precisely predicted at this time.

Convertible Notes

Notes due 2023. As of June 30, 2020, we had $5.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Notes due 2023 outstanding. The Notes due 2023 are general unsecured obligations and bear interest at a rate of 4.00% per year, payable semi-annually on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The Notes due 2023 will mature on August 1, 2023, unless earlier repurchased by us or converted at the option of the holders.

Notes due 2024. As of June 30, 2020, we had $132.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Notes due 2024 outstanding. The Notes due 2024 are general unsecured obligations and bear interest at a rate of 1.0% per year, payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year. The Notes due 2024 will mature on June 1, 2024, unless earlier repurchased by us or converted at the option of the holders at a conversion price of $20.50 per share.

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The Notes due 2024 may be converted on any day prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 1, 2023, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder only under any of the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2019 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to $26.6513 (130% of the conversion price) on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the “trading price” (as defined in the relevant indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the our common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. Upon conversion of any of the notes, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and common stock, at our election.

From April 1, 2020 through September 30, 2020, the Notes due 2024 may be converted because the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020 was greater than or equal to $26.6513 on each applicable trading day. Upon conversion of any of the notes, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and common stock, at our election.

In connection with the offering of the Notes due 2024, we entered into privately-negotiated convertible note hedge transactions in order to reduce the potential dilution to our common stock upon any conversion of the Notes due 2024. Also, concurrently with the offering of the Notes due 2024, we entered into privately-negotiated warrant transactions whereby we issued warrants to effectively increase the overall conversion price of Notes due 2024 from $20.5010 to $25.2320.

As of August 4, 2020, the Notes due 2024 were not converted into equity, therefore, we had not purchased any shares under the convertible note hedge and the warrants had not been exercised and remain outstanding. If holders of the Notes due 2024 exercise their right to convert the debt to equity we have asserted our intent and ability to settle the $132.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes due 2024 in cash.

Notes due 2025. As of June 30, 2020, we had $320.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Notes due 2025 outstanding. The Notes due 2025 are general unsecured obligations and bear interest at a rate of 0.25% per year, payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning on September 1, 2020. The Notes due 2025 will mature on March 1, 2025, unless earlier repurchased by us or converted at the option of the holders at a conversion price of $81.54 per share.

The Notes due 2025 may be converted on any day prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding September 1, 2024, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder only under any of the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2020 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to $81.5400 (130% of the conversion price) on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the “trading price” (as defined in the relevant indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the our common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On and after September 1, 2024 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date of March 1, 2025, holders may convert their notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the relevant indenture), holders may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their Notes due 2025 for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

In connection with the offering of the Notes due 2025, we entered into privately-negotiated convertible note hedge transactions in order to reduce the potential dilution to our common stock upon any conversion of the Notes due 2025. The total cost of the convertible note hedge transactions was approximately $89.1 million. Also, concurrently with the offering of the Notes due 2025, we entered into privately-negotiated warrant transactions whereby we issued warrants to acquire shares of our common stock at a strike price of $106.9400 rather than the Notes due 2025 conversion price of $81.5400. We received approximately $71.6 million from the sale of the warrants.

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As of August 4, 2020, the Notes due 2025 were not convertible, therefore, we had not purchased any shares under the convertible note hedge and the warrants had not been exercised and remain outstanding. If holders of the Notes due 2025 are able to convert the debt to equity, and exercise that right, we have asserted our intent and ability to settle the $320.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes due 2025 in cash. See Note 8, “Debt,” of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for more information relating to the convertible note hedge transactions and warrants.

Cash from operations could be affected by various risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the effects of COVID-19 and other risks detailed in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as in the “Risk Factors” section in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe that our cash flow from operations with existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months and thereafter for the foreseeable future. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our growth rate, the timing and extent of spending to support development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the introduction of new and enhanced products, the costs to acquire or invest in complementary businesses and technologies, the costs to ensure access to adequate manufacturing capacity, the continuing market acceptance of our products and macroeconomic events such as COVID-19. We may also choose to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, operating results, and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Cash Flows. The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
	(In thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	64,653		$	31,835
Net cash used in investing activities	(7,804		)	(3,176		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	254,477			70,956
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(181		)	107
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	311,145		$	99,722

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, net cash provided by operating activities was $64.7 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $31.8 million in the same period 2019, an increase of $32.8 million year-over-year. This $32.8 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities is primarily driven by an increase in our net revenues of $96.8 million and an increase of $50.4 million in gross profit, resulting in $8.3 million of higher net income generated during the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019, adjusted for a $34.3 million higher net non-cash charges, partially offset by $9.8 million increase in cash used in changes in working capital. Non-cash charges include change in the fair value of derivatives, deferred income tax, stock-based compensation, amortization of debt discount, and depreciation and amortization.

The $9.8 million increase in the cash used in changes in the working capital for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily due to $36.7 million decrease in deferred revenue as we delivered safe harbor orders that were prepaid in the fourth quarter of 2019 and $52.2 million decrease in accounts payable due to pay off of liabilities, partially offset by collections of $75.3 million of accounts receivable and $4.7 million decrease in inventory.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, net cash used in investing activities was $7.8 million, primarily from purchases of test and assembly equipment to expand our supply capacity, related facility improvements and information technology enhancements, and capitalized costs related to internal-use software.

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, net cash used in investing activities of $3.2 million primarily resulted from purchases of test and assembly equipment and capitalized costs related to internal-use software.

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Cash Flows from Financing Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities of $254.5 million was primarily from $312.4 million net proceeds from the issuance of our Notes due 2025, $71.6 million from sale of warrants related to our Notes due 2025, $4.8 million net proceeds from employee stock option exercises and issuance of common stock under our employee stock incentive program, partially offset by $89.1 million purchase of convertible note bond hedge related to our Notes due 2025, $43.7 million payment of employee withholding taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards and $1.6 million of repayment on sale of long-term financing receivables.

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, net cash provided by financing activities of $71.0 million was primarily from net proceeds of $128.0 million received from the issuance of our Notes due 2024, $29.8 million from sale of warrants, as well as $0.5 million net proceeds from issuance of common stock under our employee stock incentive program. These proceeds were partially offset by $45.1 million for principal payments on debts and financing fees associated with repayment of our term loan, $36.3 million for purchase of bond hedges related to our Notes due 2024 and $6.0 million attributable to inducement costs incurred for repurchase of our Notes due 2023.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our outstanding contractual obligations as of June 30, 2020.



	Payments Due by Period
	Total		2020 (remaining six months)		2021-2022		2023-2024		Beyond 2024
	(In thousands)
Operating leases	$	16,393	$	2,307	$	8,044	$	4,093	$	1,949
Notes due 2023 principal and interest	5,800		200		400		5,200		—
Notes due 2024 principal and interest	137,298		660		2,640		133,998		—
Notes due 2025 principal and interest	323,984		382		1,600		1,600		320,402
Purchase obligations ⁽¹⁾	75,230		75,230		—		—		—
Total	$	558,705	$	78,779	$	12,684	$	144,891	$	322,351

(1)

Purchase obligations include amounts related to component inventory that our primary contract manufacturer procures on our behalf in accordance with our production forecast as well as other inventory related purchase commitments. The timing of purchases in future periods could differ materially from estimates presented above due to fluctuations in demand requirements related to varying sales levels as well as changes in economic conditions.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of June 30, 2020, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., or GAAP. In connection with the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We base our assumptions, estimates and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be relevant at the time our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared. On a regular basis, we review the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that our condensed consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.

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channels and marketing activities for an unknown period of time until the disease is contained. This had a negative impact on our sales and our results of operations for the second quarter of 2020 and we expect this to continue to have a negative impact on our sales and our results of operations in the third quarter of 2020. In preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, we are required to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and the accompanying disclosures. Estimates and assumptions about future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty and therefore require the exercise of judgment. As of the date of issuance of these financial statements, we are not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require us to update our estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of our assets or liabilities. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained, and are recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to our financial statements.

We consider an accounting policy to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Adoption of New and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 1. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for a discussion of adoption of new and recently issued accounting pronouncements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. Our exposures to market risk have not changed materially since December 31, 2019, except as described below.

Market Risk

On March 9, 2020, we issued $320 million aggregate principal amount of our Notes due 2025, and entered into privately-negotiated convertible note hedge and warrant transactions, which in combination are intended to reduce the potential dilution from the conversion of the Notes due 2025 and to effectively increase the overall conversion price from $81.54 to $106.94 per share. For the period from March 9, 2020 through May 19, 2020, the Notes due 2025, convertible note hedge and warrant transactions could only be settled in cash because the number of authorized and unissued shares of our common stock that was not reserved for other purposes was less than the maximum number of underlying shares that would be required to settle the Notes due 2025, convertible note hedge and warrants transactions. As such, the embedded conversion option associated with the Notes due 2025, convertible notes hedge and warrants liability met the criteria for derivative accounting, and as a result, derivative financial instruments were marked-to-market at each reporting period. The volatile market conditions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant changes in the price of our common stock in the first half of 2020, causing variability in the fair value of these derivative financial instruments, and materially affecting our condensed consolidated statement of operations three and six months ended June 30, 2020. Change in fair value of derivatives of $59.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2020 includes the charge recognized for the change in fair value of our convertible notes embedded derivative and warrants of $71.2 million and $57.7 million, respectively. This charge is partially offset by a gain recognized for the change in fair value of our convertible notes hedge of $69.2 million. Change in fair value of derivatives of $44.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 includes the charge recognized for the change in fair value of our convertible notes embedded derivative and warrants of $47.6 million and $24.7 million, respectively. This charge is partially offset by a gain recognized for the change in fair value of our convertible notes hedge of $28.0 million.

On May 20, 2020, we received approval at our annual meeting of stockholders to increase the authorized shares of our common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, from 150,000,000 shares to 200,000,000 shares. As discussed further in Note 8, “Debt,” of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q, we reclassified the remeasured fair value of embedded derivative, warrants and convertible notes hedge to additional paid-in-capital in the condensed consolidated balance in the second quarter of 2020. As a result of this classification, embedded derivative, warrants and convertible notes hedge are no longer marked to fair value at each reporting period.

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Credit Risk

Financial instruments that subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and derivative financial instruments. We maintain a substantial portion of our cash balances in non-interest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits and money market accounts. The derivative financial instruments expose us to credit risk to the extent that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the arrangement. We mitigate this credit risk by transacting with major financial institutions with high credit ratings. We are not required to pledge, and are not entitled to receive, cash collateral related to these derivative instruments. We do not enter into derivative contracts for trading or speculative purposes. Our net revenues are primarily concentrated among a limited number of customers. We monitor the financial condition of our customers and perform credit evaluations whenever considered necessary and maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated potential credit losses.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2020. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, includes, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2020, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Changes in Internal Control

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the period covered by this Quarterly Report that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We have not experienced any material impact to our internal controls over financial reporting despite the fact that most of our employees are working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we might be subject to various legal proceedings relating to claims arising out of our operations. The outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain. If one or more legal matters were resolved against us in a reporting period for amounts above management’s expectations, our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows for that reporting period could be materially adversely affected. Except as described in this Item 1, we are not currently involved in any material legal proceedings, the ultimate disposition of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

Class Action Suit

On or about June 17, 2020, Gregory A. Hurst (“Plaintiff”) filed a securities class action lawsuit against our company, our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer (collectively, the "Defendants") in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on behalf of a class consisting of those individuals who purchased or otherwise acquired our common stock between February 26, 2019 and June 17, 2020. The complaint alleges that defendants made false and/or misleading statements in violation of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. Plaintiff does not quantify any alleged damages in his complaint but, in addition to attorneys' fees and costs, he seeks to recover damages on behalf of himself and other persons who purchased or otherwise acquired our stock during the putative class period at allegedly inflated prices and purportedly suffered financial harm as a result. We dispute all allegations, intend to defend the matter vigorously and believe the claims are without merit.

Derivative Action Suit

On or about July 10, 2020, Yan Shen filed a shareholder derivative action lawsuit against Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman, Eric Branderiz, Mandy Yang, Steven J. Gomo, Benjamin Kortlang, Richard Mora, Thurman J. Rodgers, and Enphase Energy, Inc. (nominal defendant) alleging breaches of fiduciary duties, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste, and violations of Section 14(a) under the Exchange Act of 1934. Plaintiff does not quantify any alleged damages in the complaint, but in addition to attorneys’ fees and costs, seeks a proposal to strengthen the Board’s supervision of operations and shareholder input into the policies and guidelines of the Board; to permit our shareholders to nominate at least three candidates for election to the Board; and to ensure the establishment of effective oversight of compliance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations; and restitution from the individual defendants. We dispute all allegations, intend to defend the matter vigorously and believe the claims are without merit.

The pending lawsuits and any other related lawsuits are subject to inherent uncertainties, and the actual defense and disposition costs will depend upon many unknown factors. The outcome of the pending lawsuits and any other related lawsuits is necessarily uncertain. We could be forced to expend significant resources in the defense of the pending lawsuits and any additional lawsuits, and we may not prevail. In addition, we may incur substantial legal fees and costs in connection with such lawsuits.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Other than risk factors described below, there has been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

The current COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other actual or threatened epidemics, pandemics, outbreaks, or public health crises, may adversely affect our customers’ financial condition and our business.

The worldwide spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global slowdown of economic activity which has decreased demand for a broad variety of goods and services, including from our customers, while also disrupting sales channels and marketing activities for an unknown period of time until the disease is contained. This has had a negative impact on our sales and our results of operations. We are currently unable to predict the size and duration of the pandemic’s impact on our future performance.

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Among other impacts, the COVID-19 pandemic and associated governmental orders have slowed, and could continue to slow the rate of solar installations, reduce demand for our products and cause temporary or long-term disruptions in our supply chains and/or delays in the delivery of our inventory. Further, such risks could also adversely affect our customers' financial condition, resulting in reduced spending for the solar products we sell. Moreover, COVID-19 and associated governmental orders could require or cause employees to avoid our properties, which could adversely affect our ability to adequately staff and manage our businesses. “Shelter-in-place” or other such orders by governmental entities could also disrupt our operations, if employees who cannot perform their responsibilities from home, are not able to report to work. Risks related to COVID-19 has also led to the complete or partial closure of one or more of our facilities or operations of our customers, suppliers, vendors or other partners.

The ultimate extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our business, financial condition and results of operations will depend on future developments, including those that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence at this time, including ultimate duration of the pandemic, travel restrictions, quarantines, social distancing and business closure requirements in the U.S. and other countries, and the effectiveness of actions taken globally to contain and treat the disease. These and other potential impacts of COVID-19 could therefore materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business and financial results, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this ‘‘Risk Factors’’ section as well as our risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, such as reduced spending for solar energy systems, fluctuations in customer demand, and manufacturing and supply constraints.

The foregoing risks will also likely apply to any other future epidemic, pandemic, outbreak or other public health crisis.

Our business is affected by worldwide economic and market conditions; an unstable economy, a decline in consumer-spending levels and other adverse developments, including inflation, could lead to reduced revenues and gross margins and adversely affect our business, results of operations and liquidity.

Many economic and other factors are outside of our control, including general economic and market conditions, consumer and commercial credit availability, inflation, unemployment, consumer debt levels and other challenges affecting the global economy including the COVID-19 pandemic. Increases in the rates of unemployment, decreases in home values, decrease in new home construction, reduced access to credit and issues related to the domestic and international political situations may adversely affect consumer confidence and disposable income levels. Societal responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have involved business closures and limited social interaction as well as work reductions. Low consumer confidence and disposable incomes could lead to reduced consumer spending and lower demand for our products, which are discretionary items, the purchase of which can be reduced before customers adjust their budgets for necessities. These factors could have a negative impact on our sales and cause us to increase inventory markdowns and promotional expenses, thereby reducing our gross margins and operating results.

If demand for solar energy solutions decreases as a result of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, our business will suffer.

Our success depends on continued demand for solar energy solutions and the ability of solar equipment vendors to meet this demand. As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for solar energy solutions decreased in the second quarter of 2020 and may continue to decrease, or at least not continue its growth from recent years, as a result of government orders associated with COVID-19, due to adverse worldwide economic and market conditions, or other factors. If demand for solar energy solutions decreases or does not grow, demand for our customers’ products as well as demand for our products will decrease, which would have an adverse impact on our ability to increase our revenue and grow our business.

Natural disasters, public health events, significant disruptions of information technology systems, data security breaches, or other catastrophic events could adversely affect our operations.

Our worldwide operations could be subject to natural disasters, public health events and other business disruptions, which could harm our future revenue and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. For example, our corporate headquarters in Fremont, California is located near major earthquake fault lines and our Petaluma, California facility is near fault lines and the sites of recent catastrophic wild fires. We rely on third-party manufacturing facilities including for all product assembly and final testing of our products, which are performed at third-party manufacturing facilities, in China and Mexico. There may be conflict or uncertainty in the countries in which

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we operate, including public health issues (for example, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic or an outbreak of other contagious diseases or health epidemics), safety issues, natural disasters, fire, disruptions of service from utilities, nuclear power plant accidents or general economic or political factors. Such risks could result in an increase in the cost of components, production delays, general business interruptions, delays from difficulties in obtaining export licenses for certain technology, tariffs and other barriers and restrictions, longer payment cycles, increased taxes, restrictions on the repatriation of funds and the burdens of complying with a variety of foreign laws, any of which could ultimately have a material adverse effect on our business.

Further, any terrorist attacks, material disruption to our information technology systems or any data security breaches, including due to cyber-attacks, especially any aimed at energy or communications infrastructure suppliers or our cloud-based monitoring service, could hinder or delay the development and sale or performance of our products or otherwise adverse affect us. Such significant disruptions of our, our third party vendors’ and/or business partners’ information technology systems or data security breaches, including in our remote work environment as a result of COVID-19, could adversely affect our business operations and/or result in the loss, misappropriation, and/or unauthorized access, use or disclosure of, or the prevention of access to, confidential information (including trade secrets or other intellectual property, proprietary business information and personal information), and could result in financial, legal, business and reputational harm to us. Any such event that leads to unauthorized access, use or disclosure of personal information, including personal information regarding our customers, could harm our reputation, compel us to comply with federal and/or state breach notification laws and foreign law equivalents, subject us to mandatory corrective action, require us to verify the correctness of database contents and otherwise subject us to liability under laws and regulations that protect the privacy and security of personal information, which could disrupt our business, result in increased costs or loss of revenue, and/or result in legal and financial exposure. In addition, security breaches and other inappropriate access can be difficult to detect, and any delay in identifying them may further harm us. Moreover, the prevalent use of mobile devices to access confidential information increases the risk of security breaches. While we have implemented security measures to protect our information technology systems and infrastructure, there can be no assurance that such measures will prevent service interruptions or security breaches that could adversely affect our business. In addition, failure to maintain effective internal accounting controls related to security breaches and cybersecurity in general could impact our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements and subject us to regulatory scrutiny.

In the event that natural disasters, public health epidemics or technical catastrophes were to damage or destroy any part of our facilities or those of our contract manufacturer, destroy or disrupt vital infrastructure systems or interrupt our operations or services for any extended period of time, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

Conversion of our Convertible Notes may dilute the ownership interest of existing stockholders or may otherwise depress the price of our common stock.

In March 2020, we issued and sold a total of $320.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Notes due 2025.

In June 2019, we issued and sold a total of $132.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Notes due 2024.

As of June 30, 2020,


•	$5.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes due 2023 were outstanding;


•	$132.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes due 2024 were outstanding; and


•	$320.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes due 2025 were outstanding (the foregoing, collectively, the “Convertible Notes”)

The conversion of some or all of the Convertible Notes may dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders. Any sales in the public market of the common stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. In addition, the existence of the Convertible Notes may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the Convertible Notes could be used to satisfy short positions. In addition, the anticipated conversion of the Convertible Notes into shares of our common stock could depress the price of our common stock.

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Servicing our debts requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our debts.

Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness, including the Convertible Notes, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not continue to generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our debts, including the Convertible Notes, and make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness, including the Convertible Notes, will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of those activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations, including our obligations under the Convertible Notes.

We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to repurchase the Convertible Notes upon a fundamental change or to repay the Notes due 2025, Notes due 2024 and the Notes due 2023 at maturity.

Holders of our Convertible Notes will have the right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their convertible notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change at 100% of the principal amount of the Notes due 2025, Notes due 2024 and Notes due 2023, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Fundamental change is defined in each of the Convertible Notes Indenture entered into in connection with the financing and consists of events such as an acquisition of a majority of our outstanding common stock, an acquisition of our company or substantially all of our assets, the approval by our stockholders of a plan of liquidation or dissolution, or our common stock no longer being listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the Nasdaq Global Market. We may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make such repurchase of the Convertible Notes.

Our ability to raise additional capital may also be adversely impacted by potential worsening global economic conditions and potential future disruptions to, and volatility in, the credit and financial markets in the U.S. and worldwide resulting from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. If we do not have enough available cash at the time we are required to make the required repurchases of the Convertible Notes, we may be required to undertake one or more actions, such as selling assets, attempting to restructure the Convertible Notes or other debt, or obtaining additional capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Any such actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

The convertible note hedge and warrant transactions and/or their early termination may affect the value of our common stock.

In connection with the offering of the Notes due 2025 and Notes due 2024, we entered into privately negotiated convertible note hedge transactions pursuant to which we have the option to purchase approximately the same number of shares of our common stock initially issuable upon conversion of the Notes due 2025 and Notes due 2024, at a price approximately the same as the initial conversion price of the Notes due 2025 and Notes due 2024. These transactions are expected to reduce the potential dilution with respect to our common stock upon conversion of the Notes due 2025 and Notes due 2024. Separately, we also entered into privately negotiated warrant transactions to acquire the same number of shares of our common stock initially issuable upon conversion of the Notes due 2025 and Notes due 2024 (subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments) at an initial strike price of approximately $106.94 per share and $25.23 per share for Notes due 2025 and Notes due 2024, respectively. If the market value per share of our common stock, as measured under the warrants, exceeds the strike price of the warrants, the warrants will have a dilutive effect on the ownership interests of existing stockholders and on our earnings per share, unless we elect, subject to certain conditions, to settle the warrants in cash. However, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time of settlement.

In addition, the existence of the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions may encourage purchasing and selling share of our common stock, or other of our securities and instruments, in open market and/or privately negotiated transactions in order to modify hedge positions. Any of these activities could adversely affect the value of our common stock and the value of the Notes due 2025 and Notes due 2024.

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Changes in current accounting methods, standards, or regulations applicable to the Convertible Notes due 2024 and Notes due 2025 could have a material impact on our reported financial results, future financial results, future cash flows, and/or our stock price.

Under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 470-20, “Debt with Conversion and Other Options,” an entity must separately account for the host contract and conversion option associated with convertible debt instruments, such as the Notes due 2025 and Notes due 2024, that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion, in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. For Notes due 2024, conversion option meets the classification of an equity component, hence we have included the equity component in the additional paid-in capital section of stockholders’ equity on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at the issuance date. For Notes due 2025, conversion option met the classification of an embedded derivative liability, from March 9, 2020 to May 19, 2020, and hence we had included embedded derivative liability in the Debt, non-current on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at the issuance date. Effective upon the filing of an amendment to our certificate of incorporation on May 20, 2020, the conversion option of the Notes due 2025 met the classification of an equity component, hence we reclassified the embedded derivative liability in the Debt, non-current to additional paid-in capital section of stockholders’ equity on our condensed consolidated balance sheet on May 20, 2020. This change in fair value of derivatives has resulted in a charge recognized of $59.7 million and $44.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. We have treated the value of the equity component and embedded derivative liability as debt discount for the host contract at the issuance date. We are required to amortize the debt discount as non-cash interest expense over the term of the Notes due 2025 and Notes due 2024, which could adversely affect our reported or future financial results or the trading price of our common stock.

In addition, we use the treasury stock method for convertible debt instruments (such as the Notes due 2024 since the date of issuance and Notes due 2025 since May 20, 2020) that may be settled entirely or partly in cash, and the effect of which is that any shares issuable upon conversion of the notes are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share except to the extent that the conversion value of such notes exceeds their principal amount. Under the treasury stock method, for diluted earnings per share purposes, the transaction is accounted for as if the number of shares of common stock that would be necessary to settle such excess conversion value, if we elected to settle such excess in shares, are issued. We cannot be sure that the accounting standards in the future will continue to permit use of the treasury stock method. If we are unable to use the treasury stock method in accounting for the shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes due 2024 and Notes due 2025, then our diluted earnings per share will be adversely affected.

Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,” clarifies how certain cash receipts and payments should be classified in the statement of cash flows, including the cash settlement for our Notes due 2024 and Notes due 2025. Upon cash settlement, repayment of the principal amount will be bifurcated between cash outflows for operating activities for the portion related to accreted interest attributable to debt discounts arising from the difference between the coupon interest rate and the effective interest rate, and financing activities for the remainder. This will require us to classify the $36.4 million for Notes due 2024 and $68.7 million for Notes due 2025 of accreted interest as cash used in operating activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows upon cash settlement, which could adversely affect our future cash flow from operations.

From time to time we are involved in a number of legal proceedings and, while we cannot predict the outcomes of such proceedings and other contingencies with certainty, some of these outcomes could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

We are, or may become, involved in legal proceedings, government and agency investigations, and consumer, employment, tort and other litigation (see discussion of Legal Proceedings in Item 1 Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). We cannot predict with certainty the outcomes of these legal proceedings. The outcome of some of these legal proceeding could require us to take, or refrain from taking, actions which could negatively affect our operations or could require us to pay substantial amounts of money adversely affecting our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, defending against lawsuits and legal proceedings may involve significant expense and diversion of management's attention and resources. Negative publicity surrounding such legal proceedings may also harm our reputation and adversely impact our business and financial condition.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2020 Form 10-Q | 47

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Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other

None.

Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2020 Form 10-Q | 48

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Item 6. Exhibits

A list of exhibits filed with this report or incorporated herein by reference is found in the Exhibit Index below.

Incorporation by Reference

Exhibit Number

Exhibit Description

Form

SEC File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed Herewith

3.1

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Enphase Energy, Inc.

8-K

001-35480

3.1

4/6/2012

3.2

Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Enphase Energy, Inc.

10-Q

001-35480

3.1

8/9/2017

3.3

Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Enphase Energy, Inc.

10-Q

001-35480

2.1

8/6/2018

3.4

Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Enphase Energy, Inc.

8-K

001-35480

3.1

5/27/2020

3.5

Amended and Restated Bylaws of Enphase Energy, Inc.

S-1/A

333-174925

3.5

3/12/2012

4.1

Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Enphase Energy, Inc.

S-1/A

333-174925

4.1

3/12/2012

4.2

Indenture, dated August 17, 2018, between Enphase Energy, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association.

8-K

001-35480

4.1

8/17/2018

4.3

Form of 4.00% Convertible Senior Note due 2023 (included in Exhibit 4.2).

8-K

001-35480

4.1

8/17/2018

4.4

Indenture, dated June 5, 2019, between Enphase Energy, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association.

8-K

001-35480

4.1

6/5/2019

4.5

Form of 1.00% Convertible Senior Note due 2024 (included in Exhibit 4.4).

8-K

001-35480

4.1

6/5/2019

4.6

Indenture, dated March 9, 2020, between Enphase Energy, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association.

8-K

001-35480

4.1

3/9/2020

4.7

Form of 0.25% Convertible Senior Note due 2025 (included in Exhibit 4.1).

8-K

001-35480

4.2

3/9/2020

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).

32.1*

Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Document.

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).


*	The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 accompany this quarterly report on Form 10-Q pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and shall not be deemed “filed” by Enphase Energy, Inc. for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2020 Form 10-Q | 49

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: August 4, 2020



	ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

	By:		/s/ Eric Branderiz
			Eric Branderiz
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(Duly Authorized Officer)

Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2020 Form 10-Q | 50

Exhibit

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman, certify that:


1.	I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Enphase Energy, Inc.;


2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;


3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;


4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f)) for the registrant and have:


a.	designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;


b.	designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;


c.	evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and


d.	disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and


5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):


a.	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and


b.	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 4, 2020



	/s/ BADRINARAYANAN KOTHANDARAMAN
	Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman
	President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Eric Branderiz, certify that:


1.	I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Enphase Energy, Inc.;


2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;


3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;


4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f)) for the registrant and have:


a.	designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;


b.	designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;


c.	evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and


d.	disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and


5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):


a.	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and


b.	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 4, 2020



	/s/ ERIC BRANDERIZ
	Eric Branderiz
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Exhibit

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. §1350), Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Enphase Energy, Inc. (the “Company”), and Eric Branderiz, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies that, to the best of his or her knowledge:

1. The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2020, to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1 (the “Periodic Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and

2. The information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

In Witness Whereof, the undersigned have set their hands hereto as of the 4th day of August, 2020.



/s/ BADRINARAYANAN KOTHANDARAMAN		/s/ ERIC BRANDERIZ
Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman		Eric Branderiz
President and Chief Executive Officer		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Enphase Energy, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.