SEC Filing | Enphase Energy

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

____________________________________________

Form 10-Q

____________________________________________

(Mark One)



x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-35480

____________________________________________

Enphase Energy, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

____________________________________________



Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		20-4645388 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1420 N. McDowell Blvd. Petaluma, California		94954
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(707) 774-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

____________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an “emerging growth company.” See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer, ” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:



Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	x

Non-accelerated filer	¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨

Emerging growth Company	x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by checkmark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

As of November 3, 2017, there were 85,532,519 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding, $0.00001 par value per share.

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

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		Page
	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	29
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29

	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	30
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	30
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	51
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	51
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	51
Item 5.	Other Information	51
Item 6.	Exhibits	51
	Signature	52

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION



Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)

ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value)

(Unaudited)



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	28,878		$	17,764
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $2,824 and $2,921 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	68,869			61,019
Inventory	25,316			31,960
Prepaid expenses and other assets	13,254			7,121
Total current assets	136,317			117,864
Property and equipment, net	28,191			31,440
Goodwill	3,664			3,664
Intangibles, net	591			945
Other assets	8,318			9,663
Total assets	$	177,081		$	163,576
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	34,620		$	31,696
Accrued liabilities	24,152			22,937
Deferred revenues, current	9,014			6,411
Warranty obligations, current (includes $2,765 and $3,296 measured at fair value at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)	7,151			8,596
Revolving credit facility	—			10,100
Current portion of term loan	10,552			3,032
Total current liabilities	85,489			82,772
Long-term liabilities:
Deferred revenues, noncurrent	36,327			33,893
Warranty obligations, noncurrent (includes $8,954 and $7,036 measured at fair value at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)	23,201			22,818
Other liabilities	2,808			2,025
Term loan, less current portion	37,058			20,768
Total liabilities	184,883			162,276
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value, 10,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding	—			—
Common stock, $0.00001 par value, 125,000 and 100,000 shares authorized and 85,217 and 62,269 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	1			1
Additional paid-in capital	285,449			252,126
Accumulated deficit	(292,787		)	(250,535		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(465		)	(292		)
Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity	(7,802		)	1,300
Total liabilities and stockholders’ (deficit) equity	$	177,081		$	163,576

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net revenues	$	77,038		$	88,684		$	206,492		$	231,990
Cost of revenues	60,577			72,805			169,438			190,215
Gross profit	16,461			15,879			37,054			41,775
Operating expenses:
Research and development	7,397			13,169			24,949			39,326
Sales and marketing	5,453			11,016			18,186			31,218
General and administrative	5,441			6,708			16,238			21,121
Restructuring charges	4,071			2,717			14,927			2,717
Total operating expenses	22,362			33,610			74,300			94,382
Loss from operations	(5,901		)	(17,731		)	(37,246		)	(52,607		)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest expense	(1,760		)	(1,234		)	(5,979		)	(1,598		)
Other income	623			353			1,771			655
Total other expense, net	(1,137		)	(881		)	(4,208		)	(943		)
Loss before income taxes	(7,038		)	(18,612		)	(41,454		)	(53,550		)
Income tax (provision) benefit	184			(144		)	(798		)	(724		)
Net loss	$	(6,854	)	$	(18,756	)	$	(42,252	)	$	(54,274	)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.08	)	$	(0.40	)	$	(0.52	)	$	(1.16	)
Shares used in per share calculation:
Basic and diluted	84,862			47,278			81,993			46,704

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net loss	$	(6,854	)	$	(18,756	)	$	(42,252	)	$	(54,274	)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(296		)	54			(173		)	(44		)
Comprehensive loss	$	(7,150	)	$	(18,702	)	$	(42,425	)	$	(54,318	)

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(42,252	)	$	(54,274	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	6,763			8,039
Provision for doubtful accounts	911			3,194
Asset impairment and restructuring	1,638			1,440
Amortization of debt issuance costs	1,337			101
Stock-based compensation	5,277			8,239
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(8,761		)	(16,577		)
Inventory	6,644			1,699
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(5,110		)	(3,857		)
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities	3,051			14,867
Warranty obligations	(1,062		)	(198		)
Deferred revenues	5,036			8,739
Net cash used in operating activities	(26,528		)	(28,588		)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(3,609		)	(9,607		)
Purchases of intangible assets	—			(678		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,609		)	(10,285		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs	26,425			14,593
Proceeds from term loan, net	24,240			24,175
Proceeds from borrowings under revolving credit facility	—			10,000
Payments under revolving credit facility	(10,100		)	(14,550		)
Payments of deferred financing costs	—			(401		)
Contingent consideration payment related to prior acquisition	—			(29		)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee stock plans	174			852
Net cash provided by financing activities	40,739			34,640
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	512			(107		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	11,114			(4,340		)
Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning of period	17,764			28,452
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period	$	28,878		$	24,112
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of fixed and intangible assets included in accounts payable	$	871		$	517
Warrants issued in connection with debt	$	1,447		$	—

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Description of Business

Enphase Energy, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) delivers simple, innovative and reliable energy management solutions that advance the worldwide potential of renewable energy. Our semiconductor-based microinverter system converts direct current (DC) electricity to alternating current (AC) electricity at the individual solar module level, and brings a system-based, high technology approach to solar energy generation leveraging our design expertise across power electronics, semiconductors, networking, and cloud-based software technologies. Since inception, the Company has shipped approximately 16 million microinverters, representing over 3 gigawatts of solar photovoltaic (PV) generating capacity, and approximately 700,000 Enphase residential and commercial systems have been deployed in over 100 countries.

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S, or GAAP. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company disclosed in its Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 that certain conditions led it to conclude that substantial doubt existed as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company believes that the same or similar conditions continue to exist and that substantial doubt as to its ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date of this filing also continues to exist. The accompanying consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are presented on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

The Company has taken actions and intends to take further actions to improve its liquidity, including raising funds in the capital markets. In 2016, the Company completed a public offering of its common stock. The Company sold approximately 15 million shares and realized net proceeds of approximately $16.2 million.

In December of 2016, the Company entered into an At The Market Issuance Sales Agreement (ATM) under which it may sell shares of common stock up to a gross aggregate offering price of $17.0 million. The Company realized the full gross proceeds of $17.0 million from common stock sold under the ATM during the three months ended March 31, 2017.

In January 2017, the Company completed a private placement of securities that resulted in gross proceeds of $10.0 million.

In July 2016, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement (the “Term Loan Agreement”) with lenders that are affiliates of Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC (collectively “TCP”). Under the agreement, the lenders committed to advance a term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $25.0 million with a maturity date of July 1, 2020. The Company drew down the $25.0 million term loan commitment at closing. In February 2017, the Company amended its loan and security agreement with TCP to provide an additional $25.0 million in principal. The Company simultaneously terminated its revolving credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., and the combined principal and interest balance of $10.3 million was fully repaid. The amended loan has the same July 1, 2020 maturity date as the original TCP loan, both of which are interest only until February 2018. See Note 7, “Debt” for further information.

The Company launched its next generation microinverter, the Enphase Home Energy Solution with IQ, in March 2017. This product is a major milestone in the Company’s product cost reduction initiative, and the Company expects to introduce the next generation of the Enphase Home Energy Solution with IQ in the first quarter of 2018, which the Company believes will achieve further cost savings.

Actions the Company has taken to reduce its operating expenses include a reduction in its global workforce in the third quarter of 2016 and a second reduction in January 2017. The Company has eliminated certain projects that did not have a near-term return on investment, consolidated office space at its headquarters, divested its services business and engaged a management consulting firm to help it lower expenses and improve operational efficiencies. The Company expects the cumulative impact of these actions to decrease its ongoing annualized

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operating expenses by approximately $40.0 million as compared to pre-restructuring annualized operating expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company achieved a combined $32.3 million in savings for research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses over the same period in 2016, which was partially offset by increased restructuring charges of $12.2 million.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

These accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial reporting. In the opinion of management, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, considered necessary to present fairly the Company's financial condition, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss) and cash flows for the interim periods indicated. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year. Certain information and footnote disclosures typically included in annual consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted. Accordingly, these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the significant accounting policies described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Reference is made to the disclosures therein for a summary of all of the Company’s significant accounting policies.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the financial statements include revenue recognition, inventory valuation and accrued warranty obligations. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements; therefore, actual results could differ materially from management’s estimates using different assumptions or under different conditions.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, “Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory,” which requires most entities to measure most inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value ("NRV"). This simplifies the evaluation from the current method of lower of cost or market, where market is based on one of three measures (i.e. replacement cost, net realizable value, or net realizable value less a normal profit margin). ASU 2015-11 does not apply to inventories measured under the last-in, first-out method or the retail inventory method, and defines NRV as the “estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation.” This standard, which was adopted in the first quarter of 2017, did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which will simplify the income tax consequences, accounting for forfeitures and classification on the Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows. This standard, which was adopted in the first quarter of 2017, did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” This ASU simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill, the FASB eliminated Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The FASB also eliminated the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Therefore, the same impairment

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assessment applies to all reporting units. An entity is required to disclose the amount of goodwill allocated to each reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount of net assets. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. A public business entity that is an SEC filer should adopt the amendments in this Update for its annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. ASU 2017-04 was early adopted by the Company for the year beginning January 1, 2017. The Company has a single reporting unit, and adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Topic 606 and issued subsequent amendments to the initial guidance in August 2015, March 2016, April 2016, May 2016 and December 2016 within ASU 2015-14, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20, respectively (ASU 2014-09, ASU 2015-14, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20, respectively, and collectively Topic 606). Topic 606 supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The updated standard’s core principle is that revenue is recognized when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard generally requires an entity to identify performance obligations in its contracts, estimate the amount of variable consideration to be received in the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to each separate performance obligation, and recognize revenue as obligations are satisfied. In addition, the updated standard requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. Topic 606 is effective for the Company as of our first quarter of fiscal 2018 using either of two methods: (1) retrospective application of Topic 606 to each prior reporting period presented with the option to elect certain practical expedients as defined within Topic 606 or (2) retrospective application of Topic 606 with the cumulative effect of initially applying Topic 606 recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain additional disclosures as defined per Topic 606. The Company plans to adopt Topic 606 in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 pursuant to the aforementioned adoption method (2). Under ASC 605 Envoy hardware and Enlighten service are considered two units of accounting with a portion of the consideration related to the hardware recognized upfront and the remaining deferred over the estimated service period. Under ASC 606 the full consideration for these products may represent a single performance obligation and need to be deferred over the estimated service period. This treatment would result in an increase in deferred revenue upon adoption of ASC 606. Under ASC 605 the Company recorded certain contra revenue promotions at the later of the date the sale was made and revenue recognized or the date at which the promotional offer was extended. Under ASC 606 all such contra revenue programs will be treated as variable consideration and recognized at the time the related revenue is recorded resulting in a potential increase in and change in timing of contra revenue upon adoption. The Company is finalizing its review of contracts to quantify the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements. The Company is also in the process of assessing the appropriate changes to its business processes and upgrading its systems and controls to support recognition and disclosure under ASC 606.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” which amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. Changes to the current guidance include the accounting for equity investments, the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments, and the assessment of valuation allowance on deferred tax assets related to available-for-sale securities. In addition, ASU 2016-01 establishes an incremental recognition and disclosure requirement related to the presentation of fair value changes of financial liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected. Under this guidance, an entity would be required to separately present in other comprehensive income the portion of the total fair value change attributable to instrument-specific credit risk as opposed to reflecting the entire amount in earnings. ASU 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and upon adoption, an entity should apply the amendments by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet at the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. Early adoption is not permitted except for the provision to record fair value changes for financial liabilities under the fair value option resulting from instrument-specific credit risk in other comprehensive income. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

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2. INVENTORY

Inventory as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consists of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Raw materials	$	1,975	$	5,095
Finished goods	23,341		26,865
Total inventory	$	25,316	$	31,960

3. WARRANTY OBLIGATIONS

The Company’s warranty activities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Warranty obligations, beginning of period	$	31,613		$	30,066		$	31,414		$	30,547
Accruals for warranties issued during period	1,009			1,194			2,913			2,931
Changes in estimates	(1,046		)	783			(826		)	1,548
Settlements	(1,494		)	(2,561		)	(5,092		)	(6,517		)
Increase due to accretion expense	549			461			1,542			1,279
Other	(279		)	406			401			561
Warranty obligations, end of period	$	30,352		$	30,349		$	30,352		$	30,349
Less current portion							$	(7,151	)	$	(6,761	)
Noncurrent							$	23,201		$	23,588

As of September 30, 2017, the $30.4 million of warranty obligations included $11.7 million measured at fair value. See Note 4, “Fair Value Measurements” for additional information.

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The accounting guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and risk of nonperformance.

The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. An asset’s or liability’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:


•	Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company is able to access. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of such assets or liabilities do not entail a significant degree of judgment.


•	Level 2—Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.


•	Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

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The following table presents the Company’s liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis and its categorization within the fair value hierarchy at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):



	Fair Value Hierarchy	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Liabilities:
Warranty obligations	Level 3	$	11,719	$	10,332

Fair Value Option for Warranty Obligations Related to Microinverters Sold Since January 1, 2014

The Company’s warranty obligations related to substantially all microinverters sold since January 1, 2014 provide the Company the right, but not the requirement, to assign its warranty obligations to a third-party. Under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 825—Financial Instruments, (“fair value option”), an entity may choose to elect the fair value option for such warranties at the time it first recognizes the eligible item. The Company made an irrevocable election to account for all eligible warranty obligations associated with microinverters sold since January 1, 2014 at fair value. This election was made to reflect the underlying economics of the time value of money for an obligation that will be settled over an extended period of up to 25 years.

The Company estimates the fair value of warranty obligations by calculating the warranty obligations in the same manner as for sales prior to January 1, 2014 and applying an expected present value technique to that result. The expected present value technique, an income approach, converts future amounts into a single current discounted amount. In addition to the key estimates of failure rates, claim rates and replacement costs, the Company used certain Level 3 inputs which are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Such additional assumptions included a discount rate based on the Company’s credit-adjusted risk-free rate and compensation comprised of a profit element and risk premium required of a market participant to assume the obligation.

The following table provides information regarding changes in nonfinancial liabilities related to the Company’s warranty obligations measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the periods indicated (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	12,564		$	8,053		$	10,332		$	6,182
Accruals for warranties issued during period	867			1,185			2,760			2,898
Changes in estimates	(1,452		)	(200		)	(2,051		)	(678		)
Settlements	(530		)	(390		)	(1,265		)	(726		)
Increase due to accretion expense	549			461			1,542			1,279
Other	(279		)	406			401			560
Balance at end of period	$	11,719		$	9,515		$	11,719		$	9,515

Quantitative and Qualitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

As of September 30, 2017, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s liabilities designated as Level 3 are as follows:



Item Measured at Fair Value	Valuation Technique	Description of Significant Unobservable Input	Percent Used (Weighted-Average)
Warranty obligations for microinverters sold since January 1, 2014	Discounted cash flows	Profit element and risk premium	17%
	Discounted cash flows	Credit-adjusted risk-free rate	18%

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As of December 31, 2016, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s liabilities designated as Level 3 are as follows:



Item Measured at Fair Value	Valuation Technique	Description of Significant Unobservable Input	Percent Used (Weighted-Average)
Warranty obligations for microinverters sold since January 1, 2014	Discounted cash flows	Profit element and risk premium	17%
	Discounted cash flows	Credit-adjusted risk-free rate	19%

Sensitivity of Level 3 Inputs

Warranty Obligations

Each of the significant unobservable inputs is independent of the other. The profit element and risk premium are estimated based on requirements of a third-party participant willing to assume the Company’s warranty obligations. The credit-adjusted risk free rate (“discount rate”) is determined by reference to the Company’s own credit standing at the fair value measurement date. Increasing or decreasing the profit element and risk premium input by 100 basis points would not have a material impact on the fair value measurement of the liability. Increasing the discount rate by 100 basis points would result in a $0.5 million reduction of the liability. Decreasing the discount rate by 100 basis points would result in a $0.6 million increase to the liability.

5. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table presents the details of the Company’s goodwill and purchased intangible assets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017							December 31, 2016
	Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Goodwill	$	3,664	$	—		$	3,664	$	3,664	$	—		$	3,664

Other indefinite-lived intangibles	$	286	$	—		$	286	$	286	$	—		$	286

Intangible assets with finite lives:
Patents and licensed technology	$	1,665	$	(1,360	)	$	305	$	1,665	$	(1,006	)	$	659

In July 2014, the Company purchased certain patents related to system interconnection and photovoltaic AC module construction. The patents are being amortized over their legal life of 3 years. In October 2015, the Company licensed certain technology related to ASIC development for a 3 year term, which is also its estimated useful life.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, amortization expense related to intangible assets was $0.4 million. As of September 30, 2017, estimated future amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was as follows:



Year	(In thousands)
2017	$	76
2018	229
Total	$	305

6. RESTRUCTURING

In the third quarter of 2016, the Company began implementing restructuring actions to lower its operating expenses and cost of revenues. The restructuring actions have included reductions in the Company’s global workforce, the elimination of certain non-core projects, consolidation of office space at the Company’s corporate

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headquarters and the engagement of management consultants to assist the Company in making organizational and structural changes to improve operational efficiencies and reduce expenses.

The following table presents the details of the Company’s restructuring charges for the periods indicated (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016		2017		2016
Employee severance and benefit arrangements	$	1,111		$	1,308	$	2,826	$	1,308
Asset impairments	—			1,409		522		1,409
Consultants engaged in restructuring activities	3,100			—		10,100		—
Lease loss reserves and contract termination costs	(140		)	—		1,479		—
Total restructuring and asset impairment charges	$	4,071		$	2,717	$	14,927	$	2,717

The following table provides information regarding changes in the Company’s accrued restructuring balance for the periods indicated (in thousands):



	Employee Severance and Benefits			Asset Impairments			Lease Loss Reserves and Contractual Obligations			Total
Balance at beginning of period as of December 31, 2016	$	198		$	—		$	484		$	682
Charges	2,826			522			11,579			14,927
Cash settlement	(2,783		)	—			(10,857		)	(13,640		)
Non-cash settlement	—			(522		)	—			(522		)
Balance at end of period as of September 30, 2017	$	241		$	—		$	1,206		$	1,447

7. DEBT

Revolving Credit Facility

The Company had a $50.0 million revolving credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”) that was entered into in November 2012, as first amended on February 14, 2014. On December 18, 2015, the Company entered into an amended and restated revolving credit agreement with Wells Fargo (the “Revolver”) which extended the maturity date to November 7, 2019 and added an uncommitted accordion feature that could increase the size of the facility by $25.0 million, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. The Revolver was fully repaid and terminated in February 2017.

Term Loan

In July 2016, the Company entered into a Term Loan Agreement (the “Original Term Loan”) with lenders that are affiliates of Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC. (the “Lenders”). Under the agreement, the Lenders committed to advance a term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $25.0 million with a maturity date of July 1, 2020. The Company borrowed the entire $25.0 million of term loan commitments on the loan closing date. Monthly payments due through June 30, 2017 were interest only, followed by consecutive equal monthly payments of principal plus accrued interest that were to begin on July 1, 2017 and continue through the maturity date. The term loan provides for an interest rate per annum equal to the higher of (i) 10.25% or (ii) LIBOR plus 9.5625%, subject to a 1.0% reduction if the Company achieves minimum levels of Revenue and EBITDA (each as defined in the Term Loan Agreement) for the twelve-consecutive month period ending June 30, 2017 as set forth in the Term Loan Agreement. In addition, the Company paid a commitment fee of 3.3% of the loan amount upon closing and a closing fee of 10.0% of the loan amount is payable in four equal installments at each anniversary of the closing date. The Company may elect to prepay the loan by incurring a prepayment fee between 1% and 3% of the principal amount of the term loan depending on the timing and circumstances of prepayment.

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In February 2017, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) that amended and restated the Original Term Loan. The Loan Agreement provides for a $25.0 million secured term loan to the Company (the “New Term Loan”), which is in addition to the $25.0 million secured term loan borrowed by the Company under the Original Term Loan (together with the “New Term Loan” the “Term Loans”). The New Term Loan has the same July 1, 2020 maturity date that was applicable to the Original Term Loan. The New Term Loan was fully drawn at closing, with approximately $10.3 million of the proceeds used to repay existing combined principal and interest due under the Company’s Revolver with Wells Fargo. Upon the repayment of loans under the Wells Fargo Revolver, the Wells Fargo Revolving Credit Agreement was terminated. The Company expects to use the remainder of the proceeds from the New Term Loan for general corporate purposes.

Monthly payments under the Term Loans through February 28, 2018 are interest only, followed by consecutive equal monthly payments of principal plus accrued interest beginning on March 1, 2018 and continuing through the maturity date; provided, however, that the Company may extend the interest only period on a month to month basis up to February 28, 2019 if no Event of Default (as defined in the Loan Agreement) has occurred and is continuing and the Company has Consolidated Operating Income (as defined in the Loan Agreement) for the calendar year 2017 and each month thereafter on a trailing twelve consecutive month basis of at least $15.0 million (collectively, the “Accommodation Conditions”). The Term Loans provide for an interest rate per annum equal to the greater of (i) 10.3125% and (ii) LIBOR plus 9.25%, subject to a 1.0% reduction if and for so long as the Accommodation Conditions have been met. In addition, the Company paid a commitment fee of 3.0% of the New Term Loan amount upon closing and a closing fee of 4.0% of the New Term Loan amount, which is payable with the closing fee under the Original Term Loan in four equal installments at each anniversary of the closing date of the Original Loan Agreement. The Company may elect to prepay the Term Loans by incurring a prepayment fee between 1% and 3% of the principal amount of the Term Loans depending on the timing and circumstances of prepayment.

The Term Loans are secured by a first-priority security interest on substantially all assets of the Company; provided, however that the security interest in the Company’s intellectual property may be released if the Company satisfies certain requirements. The Company’s obligations under the Term Loans are not guaranteed by any of the Company’s existing subsidiaries, nor have any existing subsidiaries of the Company pledged any of their assets to secure the Term Loans.

The Loan Agreement requires that (i) at all times from the closing date to and including March 31, 2018, the Company, and any future guarantors, have Unrestricted Cash (as defined in the Loan Agreement) of at least $10.0 million; (ii) at all times from the closing date to and including March 31, 2018, that the aggregate amount of Consolidated Unrestricted Cash, plus the value of Consolidated Receivables, plus the value of Consolidated Inventory (each as defined in the Loan Agreement) divided by the outstanding principal amount of Term Loans, shall equal or exceed 1.5; and (iii) at all times from April 1, 2018 and thereafter, that the aggregate amount of Consolidated Unrestricted Cash, plus the value of Consolidated Receivables, plus the value of Consolidated Inventory divided by the outstanding principal amount of Term Loans, shall equal or exceed 1.75. In addition, the Loan Agreement is subject to customary affirmative and negative covenants including restrictions on creation of liens, dispositions of assets, mergers, changing the nature of its business and dividends and other distributions, in each case subject to certain exceptions. The Term Loan Agreement also contains certain customary events of default including, but not limited to, failure to pay interest, principal and fees or other amounts when due, material breach of any representation or warranty, covenant defaults, cross defaults to other material indebtedness, events of bankruptcy and the occurrence of a material adverse change (as defined in the agreement) to the Company’s business. The Term Loan Agreement offers TCP typical rights and remedies in any event of default, including the ability to declare all amounts outstanding immediately due and payable. The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants as of September 30, 2017.

In connection with the New Term Loan, the Company issued to the Lenders warrants to purchase an aggregate 1,220,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.05 per share. The warrants have a term of seven years and contain a “cashless exercise” feature that allows the holder to exercise the warrant without a cash payment upon the terms set forth therein.

The Company estimated the fair value of the warrants by using the Black-Scholes approach and the following assumptions: stock price of $1.56; strike price of $1.05; volatility of 85.9%, risk-free rate of 2.23%; dividend yield of 0%; and a 7 year term. The resulting fair value was used to allocate the proceeds from the Term Loan between liability and equity components.

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The Company classified the warrants as equity and allocated the proceeds from the Term Loan and warrants using the relative fair value method. Using this method, the Company allocated $1.4 million to the warrants, which was recorded as equity. This amount represents debt discount that will be amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan.

Long-term debt was comprised of the following at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Term loan	$	50,000		$	25,000
Less unamortized discount and issuance costs	(2,390		)	(1,200		)
Carrying amount of debt	47,610			23,800
Less current portion	(10,552		)	(3,032		)
Long-term debt	$	37,058		$	20,768

As of September 30, 2017, the amount of scheduled principal payments due on the term loan is as follows (in thousands):



Year	Amounts
2017	$	—
2018	15,229
2019	20,084
2020	14,687
Total	$	50,000

8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The Company may be subject to legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company currently does not believe that the final outcome of any such matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

9. SALE OF COMMON STOCK

In January 2017, the Company completed a private placement of securities that resulted in the issuance of approximately 10.8 million shares of common stock and gross proceeds of $10.0 million.

In December of 2016, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (ATM) under which it could sell shares of its common stock up to a gross aggregate offering price of $17.0 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2017 the Company sold approximately 11.1 million shares of common stock under the ATM and received net proceeds of approximately $16.6 million.

10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company has adopted certain equity incentive and stock purchase plans as described in the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Equity Awards Activity

Stock Options

The following is a summary of stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands, except per share data):

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	Number of Shares Outstanding		Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	8,730		$	4.56
Granted	4,191		1.14
Exercised	(17	)	0.39
Canceled	(4,193	)	7.02
Outstanding at September 30, 2017	8,711		$	1.74

The intrinsic value of options exercised in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was nominal. As of September 30, 2017, the intrinsic value of options outstanding was $3.1 million based on the closing price of the Company’s stock as of September 30, 2017.

Restricted Stock Units

The following is a summary of restricted stock unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands, except per share data):



	RSUs		Weighted Average Fair Value per Share at Grant Date
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	606		$	9.33
Granted	4,318		1.13
Vested	(824	)	3.87
Canceled	(1,299	)	2.03
Outstanding at September 30, 2017	2,801		$	1.68

On April 3, 2017, the Company commenced a Tender Offer (Offer) to exchange out of the money stock options for restricted stock units. The Offer expired on Monday, May 1, 2017. Pursuant to the Offer, the Company accepted elections to exchange options to purchase 2,362,470 shares of common stock and issued replacement awards of restricted stock units for 733,559 shares of common stock. As the transaction approximated a value-for-value exchange, it did not have a material impact on the Company’s stock based compensation expense.

The total intrinsic value of restricted stock units that were vested in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $0.8 million. As of September 30, 2017, the intrinsic value of restricted stock units outstanding was $4.3 million based on the closing price of the Company’s stock as of September 30, 2017.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Compensation expense for all stock-based awards expected to vest is measured at fair value on the date of grant and recognized ratably over the requisite service period. The following table summarizes the components of total stock-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Cost of revenues	$	347	$	295	$	796	$	907
Research and development	607		941		1,994		3,047
Sales and marketing	226		560		889		1,760
General and administrative	547		736		1,598		2,525
Total	$	1,727	$	2,532	$	5,277	$	8,239

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The following table summarizes the various types of stock-based compensation expense for the periods presented (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Stock options and restricted stock units	$	1,473	$	1,983	$	4,363	$	6,703
Employee stock purchase plan	254		549		914		1,536
Total	$	1,727	$	2,532	$	5,277	$	8,239

The following table presents the weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted for the periods presented and the assumptions used to estimate those values using a Black-Scholes option pricing model:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Weighted average grant date fair value	$	0.69		$	1.25		$	0.70		$	1.31
Expected term (in years)	4.2			4.5			4.4			4.5
Expected volatility	83.8		%	84.7		%	84.4		%	79.8		%
Annual risk-free rate of return	1.6		%	1.1		%	1.8		%	1.1		%
Dividend yield	0.0		%	0.0		%	0.0		%	0.0		%

As of September 30, 2017, there was approximately $8.8 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested equity awards expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.8 years.

11. INCOME TAXES

The Company used the discrete tax approach in calculating the tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 due to the fact that a relatively small change in the Company’s projected pre-tax net income (loss) could result in a volatile effective tax rate. Under the discrete method, the Company determines its tax (expense) benefit based upon actual results as if the interim period was an annual period. The tax provision recorded was primarily related to income taxes attributable to its foreign operations.

12. NET LOSS PER SHARE

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed in a similar manner, but it also includes the effect of potential common shares outstanding during the period, when dilutive. Potential common shares include outstanding in-the-money stock options, restricted stock units, shares to be purchased under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan and warrants to purchase common stock. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive common shares is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. To the extent these potential common shares are antidilutive, they are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share.

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the periods presented (in thousands, except per share data):

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	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(6,854	)	$	(18,756	)	$	(42,252	)	$	(54,274	)

Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding	84,862			47,278			81,993			46,704

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.08	)	$	(0.40	)	$	(0.52	)	$	(1.16	)

As the Company incurred a net loss for all periods presented, potential dilutive securities from employee stock options, restricted stock units and warrants have been excluded from the diluted net loss per share computations because the effect of including such shares would have been anti-dilutive. The following table sets forth the potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computation of the diluted net loss per share (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017	2016	2017	2016
Employee stock options	7,844	9,383	8,121	8,944
Restricted stock units	3,306	840	1,959	994
Warrants to purchase common stock	1,220	45	1,033	85
Total	12,370	10,268	11,113	10,023

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Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations and involves risks and uncertainties. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “intend,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. For example, statements regarding our expectations as to future financial performance, anticipated cost savings, expected new product releases, expense levels and liquidity sources are forward-looking statements. Our actual results and the timing of events may differ materially from those discussed in our forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Overview

We deliver simple, innovative and reliable energy management solutions that advance the worldwide potential of renewable energy. We were founded in March 2006 and have grown rapidly to become a market leader in the solar microinverter category. Our technology was designed to increase energy production, simplify design and installation, improve system uptime and reliability, reduce fire risk, and provide a platform for intelligent energy management. Since inception, we have shipped approximately 16 million microinverters representing over 3 gigawatts of solar PV generating capacity and approximately 700,000 Enphase residential and commercial systems have been deployed in over 100 countries.

We sell our home energy management products primarily to distributors who resell them to solar installers. We also sell directly to large installers and through original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and strategic partners.

New Products

Enphase IQ Microinverter System

In the first quarter of 2017, we began shipping our Enphase Home Energy Solution with IQ™, our next-generation integrated solar, storage and energy management system in North America. The solution features our sixth-generation microinverter system, which supports high-powered 60 and 72-cell solar modules, integrates with AC modules from LG and Jinko Solar, and we believe offers installers faster and simpler installations, saving on costs. This product is a major milestone in the Company’s product cost reduction, and we expect to introduce the next generation of the Enphase Home Energy Solution with IQ™ in the first quarter of 2018, which we believe will achieve further cost savings.

The Enphase IQ microinverter is a key component of the Enphase Home Energy Solution, which can also include our Envoy™ Communications Gateway, Enphase Enlighten™, a cloud-based energy management platform, and our Enphase AC Battery™. System owners can use Enphase Enlighten to monitor their home’s solar generation, energy storage and consumption from any web-enabled device.

Enphase Energized AC Modules

We began shipping Enphase Energized AC Modules in North America in the second quarter of 2017. The Enphase Energized AC Modules with IQ utilize our sixth generation microinverters and are produced through our AC module partnerships with LG and Jinko Solar.

Enphase AC Battery™

In the third quarter of 2016, we began shipments of our Enphase AC Battery™ to distributors in Australia and New Zealand. In the fourth quarter of 2016, we started shipping our AC Battery to customers in the United States, France, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. The Enphase AC Battery is a scalable, modular energy storage system with a 1.2kWh energy capacity.

Operating Expense Reduction Initiatives

In the third quarter of 2016, we began implementing restructuring actions to lower operating expenses and cost of revenues. The restructuring actions have included reductions in our global workforce, the elimination of

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certain non-core projects, consolidation of office space at our corporate headquarters and the engagement of management consultants to assist us in making organizational and structural changes to improve operational efficiencies and reduce expenses.

Components of Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

Net Revenues

We generate net revenues from sales of our microinverter systems and related accessories, which in addition to microinverter units can also include the Envoy communications gateway, our Enlighten cloud-based monitoring service, and our AC Battery storage systems.

Our revenue is affected by changes in the volume and average selling prices of our microinverter systems and related accessories, supply and demand, sales incentives, and competitive product offerings. Our revenue growth is dependent on our ability to compete effectively in the marketplace by remaining cost competitive, developing and introducing new products that meet the changing technology and performance requirements of our customers, the diversification and expansion of our revenue base, and our ability to market our products in a manner that increases awareness for microinverter technology and differentiates us in the marketplace.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit

Cost of revenues is comprised primarily of product costs, warranty, manufacturing personnel and logistics costs, freight costs, depreciation of test equipment and hosting service costs. Our product costs are impacted by technological innovations, such as advances in semiconductor integration and new product introductions, economies of scale resulting in lower component costs, and improvements in production processes and automation. Certain costs, primarily personnel and depreciation of test equipment, are not directly affected by sales volume.

We outsource our manufacturing to third-party contract manufacturers and generally negotiate product pricing with them on a quarterly basis. We believe our contract manufacturing partners have sufficient production capacity to meet the anticipated demand for our products for the foreseeable future. However, shortages in the supply of certain key raw materials could adversely affect our ability to meet customer demand for our products. We contract with third parties, including one of our contract manufacturers, to serve as our logistics providers by warehousing and delivering our products in the United States, Europe and Asia.

Gross profit may vary from quarter to quarter and is primarily affected by our average selling prices, product cost, product mix, warranty costs and sales volume fluctuations resulting from seasonality. Our ability to reduce product costs and the timing of product cost reductions relative to declines in average selling prices can have a significant impact on our gross margin.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses consist of research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative and restructuring expenses. Personnel-related costs are the most significant component of each of these expense categories other than restructuring expense and include salaries, benefits, payroll taxes, sales commissions, incentive compensation and stock-based compensation.

Research and development expense includes personnel-related expenses, third-party design and development costs, testing and evaluation costs, depreciation expense and other indirect costs. Research and development employees are primarily engaged in the design and development of power electronics, semiconductors, powerline communications, networking and software functionality, and storage. We devote substantial resources to research and development programs that focus on enhancements to, and cost efficiencies in, our existing products and timely development of new products that utilize technological innovation to drive down product costs, improve functionality, and enhance reliability. We intend to continue to invest appropriate resources in our research and development efforts because we believe they are critical to maintaining our competitive position.

Sales and marketing expense consists primarily of personnel-related expenses such as salaries, commissions, stock-based compensation, employee benefits and travel. It also includes trade shows, marketing, customer support and other indirect costs. We expect to continue to make the necessary investments to enable us to execute our strategy to increase our market penetration geographically and enter into new markets by expanding our customer base of distributors, large installers, OEMs and strategic partners. We currently offer microinverter systems targeting the residential and commercial markets in the United States, Canada, Mexico and certain Central

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American markets, the United Kingdom, France, the Benelux region, certain other European markets, Australia, New Zealand and certain other Asian markets. We expect to continue to expand the geographic reach of our product offerings and explore new sales channels in addressable markets in the future.

General and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries, incentive compensation, stock-based compensation and employee benefits for personnel related to our executive, finance, human resources, information technology and legal organizations. General and administrative expense also includes facilities costs and fees for professional services, which consist primarily of outside legal, accounting and information technology consulting costs.

Restructuring expense is the net of charges and adjustments resulting from restructuring initiatives that we began implementing in the third quarter of 2016 to improve operational performance and reduce overall operating expense. Costs included in restructuring expense primarily consist of fees paid to management consultants engaged to assist us in making organizational and structural changes to improve operational efficiencies and reduce expenses, severance for workforce reduction actions, non-cash charges related to the disposition of assets and impairment of property and equipment, and the establishment of lease loss reserves. See Note 6 to our condensed consolidated financial statements under item 1 of this report, “Restructuring” for additional information.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other expense, net primarily consists of interest expense and commitment fees under our term loans and non-cash interest expense related to the amortization of deferred financing costs. Other expense, net also includes gains or losses upon conversion of foreign currency transactions into U.S. dollars.

Provision for Income Taxes

We are subject to income taxes in the countries where we sell our products. Historically, we have primarily been subject to taxation in the United States because we have sold the majority of our products to customers in the United States. As we have expanded the sale of products to customers outside the United States, we have become subject to taxation based on the foreign statutory rates in the countries where these sales took place. As sales in foreign jurisdictions increase in the future, our effective tax rate may fluctuate accordingly. Due to the history of losses we have generated in the United States since inception, we believe that it is more-likely-than-not that all of our U.S. and state deferred tax assets will not be realized as of September 30, 2017.

Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Net Revenues



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change in					Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change in
	2017		2016		$			%		2017		2016		$			%
	(dollars in thousands)									(dollars in thousands)
Net revenues	$	77,038	$	88,684	$	(11,646	)	(13	)%	$	206,492	$	231,990	$	(25,498	)	(11	)%

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Net revenues decreased by 13% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016 due to lower average selling prices combined with a decrease in units sold. We sold 790,000 microinverter units in the three months ended September 30, 2017 versus 869,000 units in the same period in 2016. The average revenue per watt of microinverter systems sold declined by approximately 10% for the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Net revenues decreased by 11% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016 due to a decrease in microinverter systems sold and lower average selling prices. We sold 2,138,000 microinverter units in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 versus 2,276,000 units in the same period in 2016. Volumes were negatively affected by the unusually wet weather in California in the first quarter of 2017, which is a significant market for us. The average revenue per watt of microinverter systems sold declined by approximately 11% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. We expect average selling prices for microinverter systems to continue to decline in the future, which may negatively affect net revenues.

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Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Change in					Nine Months Ended September 30,						Change in
	2017			2016			$			%		2017			2016			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)											(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenues	$	60,577		$	72,805		$	(12,228	)	(17	)%	$	169,438		$	190,215		$	(20,777	)	(11	)%
Gross profit	16,461			15,879			582			4	%	37,054			41,775			(4,721		)	(11	)%
Gross margin	21.4		%	17.9		%	3.5		%			17.9		%	18.0		%	(0.1		)%

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Cost of revenues decreased by 17% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease in cost of revenues was primarily attributable to a decrease in the average cost per watt of microinverter systems, lower volume, lower warranty expense and reduced overhead expenses as a result of our cost reduction efforts. Gross margin increased by 3.5 percentage points for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to a greater decrease in the average cost per watt of our microinverter systems than the average revenue per watt and lower overhead and warranty expense in the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the same period last year.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Cost of revenues decreased by 11% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease in cost of revenues was primarily attributable to a decrease in the average cost per watt of microinverter systems, lower volume, lower warranty expense and reduced overhead expenses as a result of our cost reduction efforts. Gross margin decreased by 0.1 percentage points for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The primary driver of the decrease in gross margin was the absorption of fixed overhead costs and warranty charges on a lower revenue base in the first quarter of 2017. Our ability to reduce product costs and the timing of product cost reductions relative to declines in average selling prices can have a significant impact on our gross margin.

Research and Development



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change in					Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change in
	2017		2016		$			%		2017		2016		$			%
	(dollars in thousands)									(dollars in thousands)
Research and development	$	7,397	$	13,169	$	(5,772	)	(44	)%	$	24,949	$	39,326	$	(14,377	)	(37	)%

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Research and development expense decreased by 44% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease is primarily due to the implementation of our restructuring initiative that eliminated non-core projects resulting in a $3.5 million reduction in research and development personnel related expenses and a $1.7 million reduction in lab parts, product prototypes and professional fees.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Research and development expense decreased by 37% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease is primarily due to the implementation of our restructuring initiative that eliminated non-core projects resulting in an $8.7 million reduction in research and development personnel related expenses and a $5.1 million reduction in lab parts, product prototypes and professional fees. The amount of research and development expense may fluctuate from period to period due to the differing levels and stages of research and development activity.

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Sales and Marketing



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change in					Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change in
	2017		2016		$			%		2017		2016		$			%
	(dollars in thousands)									(dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	5,453	$	11,016	$	(5,563	)	(50	)%	$	18,186	$	31,218	$	(13,032	)	(42	)%

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Sales and marketing expense decreased by 50% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease is primarily due to the implementation of our restructuring initiative that eliminated non-core projects resulting in a $2.9 million reduction in sales and marketing personnel related expenses. Spending on advertising activities and professional services decreased by $0.8 million in the third quarter of 2017 as compared to the third quarter of 2016. Additionally, bad debt expense was $1.7 million higher in the third quarter of 2016 as compared to the third quarter of 2017 due to provisions taken for certain customers experiencing financial difficulties.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Sales and marketing expense decreased by 42% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease is primarily due to the implementation of our restructuring initiative that eliminated non-core projects resulting in an $8.3 million reduction in sales and marketing personnel related expenses. Spending on advertising activities and professional services decreased by $2.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016. Additionally, bad debt expense was $2.3 million higher in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 than in the current period.

General and Administrative



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change in					Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change in
	2017		2016		$			%		2017		2016		$			%
	(dollars in thousands)									(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative	$	5,441	$	6,708	$	(1,267	)	(19	)%	$	16,238	$	21,121	$	(4,883	)	(23	)%

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

General and administrative expense decreased by 19% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease is primarily due to the implementation of our restructuring initiative that eliminated non-core projects resulting in a $0.6 million reduction in general and administrative personnel related expenses, a $0.3 million reduction in facilities related expenses and a $0.3 million reduction in depreciation expense as a result of a lower fixed asset base.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

General and administrative expense decreased by 23% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease is primarily due to the implementation of our restructuring initiative that eliminated non-core projects resulting in a $3.1 million reduction in general and administrative personnel related expenses, a $0.6 million reduction in facilities related expenses, a $0.3 million reduction in professional services and a $0.8 million reduction in depreciation expense as a result of a lower fixed asset base.

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Restructuring Charges



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change in				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change in
	2017		2016		$		%		2017		2016		$		%
	(dollars in thousands)								(dollars in thousands)
Restructuring charges	$	4,071	$	2,717	$	1,354	50	%	$	14,927	$	2,717	$	12,210	449	%

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

We implemented a restructuring plan in 2016 to lower operating expenses and cost of revenues that included reductions in our global workforce and the elimination of certain non-core projects. In 2017 we engaged a management consulting firm to assist us in making organizational and structural changes to improve operational efficiencies and reduce expenses. Restructuring charges for the three months ended September 30, 2017 include $3.1 million of consulting services and $1.1 million in cash-based severance and related benefits offset by a $0.1 million adjustment to previously established lease loss reserves.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

We implemented a restructuring plan in 2016 to lower operating expenses and cost of revenues that included reductions in our global workforce and the elimination of certain non-core projects. In 2017 we engaged a management consulting firm to assist us in making organizational and structural changes to improve operational efficiencies and reduce expenses. Restructuring charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 include $10.1 million of consulting services, $2.8 million in cash-based severance and related benefits and $2.0 million in charges for asset impairments and lease loss reserves. We expect to incur additional fees for management consulting services in the near-term.

Other Income (Expense), Net



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Change in					Nine Months Ended September 30,						Change in
	2017			2016			$			%		2017			2016			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)											(dollars in thousands)
Other income (expense), net	$	(1,137	)	$	(881	)	$	(256	)	29	%	$	(4,208	)	$	(943	)	$	(3,265	)	346%

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Other expense, net was $1.1 million for three months ended September 30, 2017 versus $0.9 million for the same period in 2016. Interest expense increased by $0.6 million due to amended term loan, which was partially offset by $0.3 million increase in other income due to net gains related to foreign currency exchange and remeasurement for the three months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Other expense net was $4.2 million for nine months ended September 30, 2017 versus $0.9 million in the same period in 2016. Interest expense increased by $4.4 million due to our term loan, which was partially offset by an increase in net gains related to foreign currency exchange and remeasurement of $1.1 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2017, we had $28.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and working capital of $50.8 million. Cash and cash equivalents held in the United States were $23.0 million and consisted primarily of U.S. Government money market mutual funds and non-interest bearing checking deposits, with the remainder held in various foreign subsidiaries. We consider amounts held outside the U.S. to be accessible and have provided for the estimated U.S. income tax liability associated with our foreign earnings.

Although we have taken actions to improve our liquidity and help us achieve profitability, the solar market is volatile, and we are subject to market dynamics that are beyond our control. As disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, we concluded that substantial doubt exists as to our ability to continue as a going concern within the next year. The accompanying consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are presented on a going concern basis and do not include any

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adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Information about the actions we have taken and are taking to mitigate our liquidity constraints is presented below.

Actions we have taken to reduce our operating expenses include a reduction in our global workforce in the third quarter of 2016 and a second reduction in January 2017. We have eliminated certain projects that did not have a near-term return on investment, consolidated office space at our headquarters, divested our services business and engaged a management consulting firm to help us improve operational efficiencies. We expect the cumulative impact of these actions to decrease our ongoing annual operating expenses by approximately 35%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we achieved a combined $32.3 million in savings for research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses over the same period in 2016, which was partially offset by increased restructuring charges of $12.2 million.

Sources of Liquidity

We have taken and are taking actions to improve our liquidity, including raising funds in the capital markets. In 2016, we completed a public offering of approximately 15 million shares and realized net proceeds of approximately $16.2 million.

In December 2016, we entered into an At The Market Issuance Sales Agreement (ATM) under which we could sell shares of our common stock up to a gross aggregate offering price of $17.0 million. We realized the full $17.0 million of gross proceeds available under the ATM during the three months ended March 31, 2017.

In January 2017, we completed a private placement of common stock that resulted in gross proceeds of $10.0 million.

In July 2016, we entered into a loan and security agreement (the “Original Term Loan Agreement”) with lenders that are affiliates of Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC (“TCP”), which has subsequently been amended and modified as discussed below and in Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements, “Debt.” Under the agreement, the lenders committed to advance a term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $25.0 million with a maturity date of July 1, 2020. We drew down the $25.0 million term loan commitment at closing.

Payments under the original agreement were interest only through June 30, 2017, followed by consecutive equal monthly payments of principal plus accrued interest that were to begin on July 1, 2017 and continue through the maturity date. The Original Term Loan Agreement provides for an interest rate per annum equal to the higher of (i) 10.25% or (ii) LIBOR plus 9.5625%, subject to a 1.0% reduction if we achieve minimum levels of Revenue and EBITDA (each as defined in the Original Term Loan Agreement) for the twelve-consecutive month period ending June 30, 2017. In addition, we paid a commitment fee of 3.3% of the loan amount upon closing and a closing fee of 10.0% of the loan amount is payable in four equal installments at each anniversary of the closing date. We may elect to prepay the loan by incurring a prepayment fee between 1% and 3% of the principal amount of the term loan depending on the timing and circumstances of prepayment.

The term loan was secured by a second-priority security interest on substantially all our assets except intellectual property. The Original Term Loan Agreement does not contain any financial covenants, but is subject to customary affirmative and negative covenants including restrictions on creation of liens, dispositions of assets, dividends, mergers, or changing the nature of its business, in each case, subject to certain customary exceptions. In addition, the Term Loan Agreement contains certain customary events of default including, but not limited to, failure to pay interest, principal and fees or other amounts when due, material breach of any representation or warranty, covenant defaults, cross defaults to other material indebtedness, events of bankruptcy and the occurrence of a material adverse change (as defined in the agreement) to our business. The Original Term Loan Agreement offers TCP typical rights and remedies in any event of default, including the ability to declare all amounts outstanding immediately due and payable. We do not expect the lender to declare default under any event, including the material adverse change clause.

In 2016 we had a $50.0 million revolving credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”) that was entered into on November 7, 2012, as first amended on February 14, 2014. On December 18, 2015, we entered into an amended and restated revolving credit agreement with Wells Fargo (the “Revolver”) which extended the maturity date from November 7, 2016 to November 7, 2019 and added an uncommitted accordion feature that could increase the size of the facility by $25.0 million, subject to certain approvals and meeting certain criteria.

In February 2017, we amended our loan and security agreement with TCP to provide an additional $25 million in principal (the “New Term Loan Agreement”). We simultaneously terminated our revolving credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., and the combined principal and interest balance of $10.3 million was fully repaid. The new term loan is secured by a first-priority security interest on substantially all our assets except intellectual property and has

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the same July 1, 2020 maturity date as the original TCP loan, both of which are now interest only until February 2018.

The New Term Loan Agreement requires that (i) at all times from the closing date to and including March 31, 2018, we have Unrestricted Cash (as defined in the New Term Loan Agreement) of at least $10.0 million; (ii) at all times from the closing date to and including March 31, 2018, that the aggregate amount of Consolidated Unrestricted Cash, plus the value of Consolidated Receivables, plus the value of Consolidated Inventory (each as defined in the New Term Loan Agreement) divided by the outstanding principal amount of both term loans, shall equal or exceed 1.5; and (iii) at all times from April 1, 2018 and thereafter, that the aggregate amount of Consolidated Unrestricted Cash, plus the value of Consolidated Receivables, plus the value of Consolidated Inventory divided by the outstanding principal amount of both term loans, shall equal or exceed 1.75. In addition, the New Term Loan Agreement is subject to customary affirmative and negative covenants including restrictions on creation of liens, dispositions of assets, mergers, changing the nature of its business and dividends and other distributions, in each case subject to certain exceptions. The New Term Loan Agreement also contains certain customary events of default including, but not limited to, failure to pay interest, principal and fees or other amounts when due, material breach of any representation or warranty, covenant defaults, cross defaults to other material indebtedness, events of bankruptcy and the occurrence of a material adverse change (as defined in the agreement) to our business. The New Term Loan Agreement offers TCP typical rights and remedies in any event of default, including the ability to declare all amounts outstanding immediately due and payable. We expect to be in compliance with the financial covenants noted above, and we do not expect the lender to declare default under any event, including the material adverse change clause. See Note 7. “Debt.”

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016
	(In thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(26,528	)	$	(28,588	)
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,609		)	(10,285		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	40,739			34,640
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	512			(107		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	11,114			(4,340		)

Operating Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash used in operating activities of $26.5 million was primarily attributable to a net loss of $42.3 million offset by non-cash charges of $15.9 million. Non-cash charges included $5.3 million of stock-based compensation, $6.8 million of depreciation and amortization, $0.9 million provision for doubtful accounts and a net $1.6 million in asset impairment and restructuring charges.

The primary drivers of cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities included a $8.8 million increase in accounts receivable primarily due to timing of sales within the quarter, an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $5.1 million primarily due to prepaid inventory items, and a decrease in warranty obligations of $1.1 million. Cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities were offset by a $6.6 million decrease in inventory due to our inventory management efforts, a $3.2 million increase in accounts payable primarily due to the timing of inventory receipts and a $5.0 million increase in deferred revenue.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net cash used in operating activities of $28.6 million was primarily attributable to a net loss of $54.3 million offset by non-cash charges of $21.0 million and net cash inflows from changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $4.7 million. Non-cash charges included $8.2 million of stock-based compensation, $8.0 million of depreciation and amortization, $3.2 million provision for doubtful accounts and $1.4 million in asset impairment charges.

The primary drivers of cash inflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities was a $14.9 million increase in accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities resulting from timing of vendor payments. Also contributing to cash inflows was an increase in deferred revenue related to our cloud-based monitoring service of $8.7 million and a decrease in inventory of $1.7 million , which was attributable to improved working capital management. Cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities included a $16.6 million increase in

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accounts receivable as a result of higher sales in the third quarter of 2016 compared to the fourth quarter of 2015, a $3.9 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets attributable to deferral of costs for certain sales arrangements with extended payment terms and a $0.2 million decrease to warranty obligations.

Investing Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash used in investing activities of $3.6 million primarily resulted from purchases of test and assembly equipment and capitalized costs related to internal-use software.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net cash used in investing activities of $10.3 million primarily resulted from purchases of test and assembly equipment, capitalized costs related to internal-use software and license fees for certain technology related to ASIC development.

Financing Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash provided by financing activities of $40.7 million consisted of net proceeds from sales of common stock of $26.5 million, which included proceeds from the private placement and ATM offering described above and net proceeds from the term loan of $24.2 million, offset by the repayment of principal on our revolving credit facility of $10.1 million.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net cash provided by financing activities of $34.6 million consisted of net proceeds from our term loan of $23.9 million, net public equity offering proceeds of $14.4 million and proceeds received from the issuance of common stock under employee stock plans of $0.9 million, offset by the net repayment of our revolving credit facility of $4.6 million.

Contractual Obligations

There were no material changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to our contractual commitments as presented in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our 2016 Form 10-K other than the termination of our revolving credit facility and additional term debt as described in Note 7. “Debt.”

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2017, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., or GAAP. In connection with the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We base our assumptions, estimates and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be relevant at the time our consolidated financial statements are prepared. On a regular basis, we review the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that our consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.

We consider an accounting policy to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the consolidated financial statements.

There have been no significant changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective

See Note 1, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation, of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 1 for recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet effective.

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Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Our exposures to market risk have not changed materially since December 31, 2016.



Item 4.	Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2017. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, includes, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2017, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Changes in Internal Control

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the period covered by this Quarterly Report that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION



Item 1.	Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of our operations. We are not currently involved in any material legal proceedings, and our management believes there are currently no claims or actions pending against us, the ultimate disposition of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition, or cash flows. We may, however, be involved in material legal proceedings in the future. Such matters are subject to uncertainty and there can be no assurance that such legal proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

We have identified the following risks and uncertainties that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. The risks described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are not material may also significantly impair our business operations. Our business could be harmed by any of these risks. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment. In assessing these risks, you should also refer to the other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes.

We have marked with an asterisk (*) those risks described below that reflect substantive changes from, or additions to, the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

We have a history of losses which may continue in the future, and we cannot be certain that we will achieve or sustain profitability.

We have incurred significant net losses since we began doing business, including a net loss of $42.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As of September 30, 2017, we had an accumulated deficit of $292.8 million. Our revenue may increase or decrease for a number of possible reasons, many of which are outside our control, including a decline in demand for our offerings, increased competition, a decrease in the growth of the solar industry or our market share, or our failure to capitalize on growth opportunities. If we fail to generate sufficient revenue to support our operations, we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability. In connection with the issuance of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, we concluded that there is substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. While we have taken and continue to take steps to improve our financial position since December 31, 2016 (including raising additional capital and further reducing expenses), there can be no assurance that these steps will be sufficient and we could fail to continue as a going concern. Furthermore, if we require additional capital to finance our operations, this determination could impair our ability to finance our operations through the sale of equity, incurring debt, or other financing alternatives.

We may not be able to raise additional capital to execute on our current or future business opportunities on favorable terms, if at all, or without dilution to our stockholders.

We have disclosed our conclusion under ASU 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern” that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern and our plans to mitigate the conditions that led to that conclusion. Therefore, we may need to raise additional capital to execute on our current or future business strategies, including to:


•	fund our operations;


•	invest in our research and development efforts;


•	expand our operations into new product markets and new geographies;


•	acquire complementary businesses, products, services or technologies; or


•	otherwise pursue our strategic plans and respond to competitive pressures.

We do not know what forms of financing, if any, will be available to us, and the determination that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern could impair our ability to raise financing, if needed. If financing is not available on acceptable terms, if and when needed, our ability to fund our operations, enhance our research and development and sales and marketing functions, develop and enhance our products,

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respond to unanticipated events, including unanticipated opportunities, or otherwise respond to competitive pressures would be significantly limited. In any such event, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially harmed, and we may be unable to continue our operations. Moreover, if we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our stockholders could be significantly diluted, and these newly issued securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing stockholders. If we fail to raise sufficient additional capital if needed, we may not be able to completely execute our business plan and may not be able to continue as a going concern.

The rapidly changing solar industry makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects.

The rapidly changing solar industry makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects. We have encountered and will continue to encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries, including increased expenses as we continue to grow our business. If we do not manage these risks and overcome these difficulties successfully, our business will suffer.

Since we began commercial shipments of our products, our revenue, gross profit and results of operations have varied and are likely to continue to vary from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, many of which are not within our control. It is difficult for us to accurately forecast our future revenue and gross profit and plan expenses accordingly and, therefore, it is difficult for us to predict our future results of operations.

If demand for solar energy solutions does not grow or grows at a slower rate than we anticipate, our business will suffer.

Our microinverter and AC Battery storage systems are utilized in solar photovoltaic, or PV, installations, which provide on-site distributed power generation. As a result, our future success depends on continued demand for solar energy solutions and the ability of solar equipment vendors to meet this demand. The solar industry is an evolving industry that has experienced substantial changes in recent years, and we cannot be certain that consumers and businesses will adopt solar PV systems as an alternative energy source at levels sufficient to continue to grow our business. Traditional electricity distribution is based on the regulated industry model whereby businesses and consumers obtain their electricity from a government regulated utility. For alternative methods of distributed power to succeed, businesses and consumers must adopt new purchasing practices. The viability and continued growth in demand for solar energy solutions, and in turn, our products, may be impacted by many factors outside of our control, including:


•	market acceptance of solar PV systems based on our product platform;


•	cost competitiveness, reliability and performance of solar PV systems compared to conventional and non-solar renewable energy sources and products;


•	availability and amount of government subsidies and incentives to support the development and deployment of solar energy solutions;


•	the extent to which the electric power industry and broader energy industries are deregulated to permit broader adoption of solar electricity generation;


•	the cost and availability of key raw materials and components used in the production of solar PV systems;


•	prices of traditional utility-provided energy sources;


•	levels of investment by end-users of solar energy products, which tend to decrease when economic growth slows; and


•	the emergence, continuance or success of, or increased government support for, other alternative energy generation technologies and products.

If demand for solar energy solutions does not grow, demand for our customers' products as well as demand for our products will decrease, which would have an adverse impact on our ability to increase our revenue and grow our business.

Short-term demand and supply imbalances, especially for solar module technology, have recently caused prices for solar technology solutions to decline rapidly. Furthermore, competition in the solar industry has increased due to the emergence of lower-cost manufacturers along the entire solar value chain causing further price declines, excess inventory and oversupply. These market disruptions may continue to occur and may increase pressure to reduce prices, which could adversely affect our business and financial results, including impairing the recorded value of our inventory.

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The loss of, or events affecting, one of our major customers could reduce our sales and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In 2016, CED Greentech accounted for approximately 18% of total net revenues. In 2015, CED Greentech and Vivint Solar, Inc. accounted for approximately 17% and 12% of total net revenues, respectively. Our customers’ decisions to purchase our products are influenced by a number of factors outside of our control, including retail energy prices and government regulation and incentives, among others. Although we have agreements with some of our largest customers, these agreements generally do not have long-term purchase commitments and are generally terminable by either party after a relatively short notice period. In addition, these customers may decide to no longer use, or to reduce the use of, our products and services for other reasons that may be out of our control. For example, beginning in 2015, Vivint Solar, Inc. implemented a multi-sourcing strategy, and therefore, is not sole-sourcing our microinverters, which has resulted in and may continue to result in a reduction in our revenue generated from sales to Vivint. In addition, adverse events affecting our customers could also adversely affect our revenue and results of operations (for instance, the recent filing of a voluntary petition for bankruptcy protection by one of our customers prevented us from timely collection of our accounts receivable from that customer). The loss of, or events affecting, Vivint or one or more of our other large customers have had, could have and could continue to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our gross profit may fluctuate over time, which could impair our ability to achieve or maintain profitability.

Our gross profit has varied in the past and is likely to continue to vary significantly from period to period. Our gross profit may be adversely affected by numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:


•	changes in customer, geographic or product mix;


•	increased price competition, including the impact of customer and competitor discounts and rebates;


•	our ability to reduce and control product costs, including our ability to make product cost reductions in a timely manner to offset declines in our product prices;


•	warranty costs and reserves, including changes resulting from changes in estimates related to the long-term performance of our products, product replacement costs and warranty claim rates;


•	loss of cost savings due to changes in component or raw material pricing or charges incurred due to inventory holding periods if product demand is not correctly anticipated;


•	introduction of new products;


•	ordering patterns from our distributors;


•	price reductions on older products to sell remaining inventory;


•	our ability to reduce production costs, such as through technology innovations, in order to offset price declines in our products over time;


•	changes in shipment volume;


•	changes in distribution channels;


•	excess and obsolete inventory and inventory holding charges;


•	expediting costs incurred to meet customer delivery requirements; and


•	fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

Fluctuations in gross profit may adversely affect our ability to manage our business or achieve or maintain profitability.

We are under continuous pressure to reduce the prices of our products, which has adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, our gross margins.

The solar power industry has been characterized by declining product prices over time. We have reduced the prices of our products in the past, and we expect to continue to experience pricing pressure for our products in the future, including from our major customers. In addition, we have reduced our prices ahead of planned cost reductions of our products, which has adversely affected our gross margins. When seeking to maintain or increase their market share, our competitors may also reduce the prices of their products. In addition, our customers may have the ability or seek to internally develop and manufacture competing products at a lower cost than we would otherwise charge, which would add additional pressure on us to lower our selling prices. If we are unable to offset any future reductions in our average selling prices by increasing our sales volume, reducing our costs and expenses or introducing new products, our gross margins would continue to be adversely affected.

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Given the general downward pressure on prices for our products driven by competitive pressure and technological change, a principal component of our business strategy is reducing the costs to manufacture our products to remain competitive. If our competitors are able to drive down their manufacturing costs faster than we can or increase the efficiency of their products, our products may become less competitive even when adjusted for efficiency, and we may be forced to sell our products at a price lower than our cost. Further, if raw materials costs and other third-party component costs were to increase, we may not meet our cost reduction targets. If we cannot effectively execute our cost reduction roadmap, we may not be able to remain price competitive, which would result in lost market share and lower gross margins.

The inverter industry is highly competitive and we expect to face increased competition as new and existing competitors introduce products, which could negatively impact our results of operations and market share.

The market for PV inverter solutions is highly competitive. To date, we have competed primarily against central and string inverter manufacturers, but as the solar industry rapidly grows, new solutions and technologies are emerging that will directly compete with our business. Competitors in the inverter market include, amongst others, SMA Solar Technology AG, Fronius International GmbH, ABB Ltd. and SolarEdge Technologies, Inc.. Other existing or emerging companies, such as Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., may also begin offering alternative microinverter, DC to DC optimizer and other power electronic solutions.

Competition has intensified, and we expect the trend to continue as new and existing competitors enter the microinverter market, or market and sell related products, such as DC to DC optimizers that can be used in conjunction with central or string inverters. SMA Solar Technology AG and ABB Ltd. market and sell microinverter products, and several new entrants to the microinverter market have recently announced plans to ship or have already shipped products. We believe that a number of companies have developed or are developing microinverters and other products that will compete directly with our microinverter systems in the module-level power electronics, or MLPE market, including low-cost manufacturers such as Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.. In addition, central and string inverter manufacturers continue to reduce their prices, putting additional pressure on us and other alternative technologies.

Several of our existing and potential competitors are significantly larger than we are and may have greater financial, marketing, distribution, and customer support resources, and may have significantly broader brand recognition, especially in certain markets. In addition, some of our competitors have more resources and experience in developing or acquiring new products and technologies and creating market awareness for these offerings. Further, certain competitors may be able to develop new products more quickly than we can and may be able to develop products that are more reliable or that provide more functionality than ours. In addition, some of our competitors have the financial resources to offer competitive products at aggressive or below-market pricing levels, which could cause us to lose sales or market share or require us to lower prices of our products in order to compete effectively. Suppliers of solar products, particularly solar modules, have experienced eroding prices over the last several years and as a result many have faced margin compression and declining revenues. If we have to reduce our prices by more than we anticipate, or if we are unable to offset any future reductions in our average selling prices by increasing our sales volume, reducing our costs and expenses or introducing new products, our revenues and gross profit would suffer.

We also may face competition from some of our customers or potential customers who evaluate our capabilities against the merits of manufacturing products internally. For instance, SunPower Corporation acquired a microinverter company SolarBridge Technologies, Inc. in November of 2014. Other solar module manufacturers could also develop or acquire competing inverter technology or attempt to develop components that directly perform DC to AC conversion in the module itself. Due to the fact that such customers may not seek to make a profit directly from the manufacture of these products, they may have the ability to manufacture competitive products at a lower cost than we would charge such customers. As a result, these customers or potential customers may purchase fewer of our microinverter systems or sell products that compete with our microinverters systems, which would negatively impact our revenue and gross profit.

Developments in alternative technologies or improvements in distributed solar energy generation may have a material adverse effect on demand for our offerings.

Significant developments in alternative technologies, such as advances in other forms of distributed solar PV power generation, storage solutions such as batteries, the widespread use or adoption of fuel cells for residential or commercial properties or improvements in other forms of centralized power production may have a material

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adverse effect on our business and prospects. Any failure by us to adopt new or enhanced technologies or processes, or to react to changes in existing technologies, could result in product obsolescence, the loss of competitiveness of our products, decreased revenue and a loss of market share to competitors.

Our microinverter systems, including our AC Battery storage solution and recently announced integrated AC Module, may not achieve broader market acceptance, which would prevent us from increasing our revenue and market share.

If we fail to achieve broader market acceptance of our products, there would be an adverse impact on our ability to increase our revenue, gain market share and achieve and sustain profitability. Our ability to achieve broader market acceptance for our products will be impacted by a number of factors, including:


•	our ability to produce microinverter systems and AC Battery storage products that compete favorably against other solutions on the basis of price, quality, reliability and performance;


•	our ability to timely introduce and complete new designs and timely qualify and certify our products;


•	whether installers, system owners and solar financing providers will continue to adopt our microinverter systems, which have a relatively limited history with respect to reliability and performance;


•	whether installers, system owners and solar financing providers will adopt our AC Battery storage solution, which is a new technology with a limited history with respect to reliability and performance;


•	the ability of prospective system owners to obtain long-term financing for solar PV installations based on our product platform on acceptable terms or at all;


•	our ability to develop products that comply with local standards and regulatory requirements, as well as potential in-country manufacturing requirements; and


•	our ability to develop and maintain successful relationships with our customers and suppliers.

In addition, our ability to achieve increased market share will depend on our ability to increase sales to established solar installers, who have traditionally sold central or string inverters. These installers often have made substantial investments in design, installation resources and training in traditional central or string inverter systems, which may create challenges for us to achieve their adoption of our microinverter systems.

The reduction, elimination or expiration of government subsidies and economic incentives for on-grid solar electricity applications could reduce demand for solar PV systems and harm our business.

The market for on-grid applications, where solar power is used to supplement a customer’s electricity purchased from the utility network or sold to a utility under tariff, depends in large part on the availability and size of government and economic incentives that vary by geographic market. Because our customers’ sales are typically into the on-grid market, the reduction, elimination or expiration of government subsidies and economic incentives for on-grid solar electricity may negatively affect the competitiveness of solar electricity relative to conventional and non-solar renewable sources of electricity, and could harm or halt the growth of the solar electricity industry and our business.

In general, the cost of solar power currently exceeds retail electricity rates, and we believe this tendency will continue in the near term. As a result, national, state and local government bodies in many countries, most notably Australia, Canada, France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Japan, the People’s Republic of China, Spain and the United States, have provided incentives in the form of feed-in tariffs, or FiTs, rebates, tax credits and other incentives to system owners, distributors, system integrators and manufacturers of solar PV systems to promote the use of solar electricity in on-grid applications and to reduce dependency on other forms of energy. Many of these government incentives expire, phase out over time, terminate upon the exhaustion of the allocated funding, require renewal by the applicable authority or are being changed by governments due to changing market circumstances or changes to national, state or local energy policy.

Electric utility companies or generators of electricity from other non-solar renewable sources of electricity may successfully lobby for changes in the relevant legislation in their markets that are harmful to the solar industry. Reductions in, or eliminations or expirations of, governmental incentives in regions that we focus our sales efforts could result in decreased demand for and lower revenue from solar PV systems there, which would adversely affect sales of our products. In addition, our ability to successfully penetrate new geographic markets may depend on new countries adopting and maintaining incentives to promote solar electricity, to the extent such incentives are not currently in place. Additionally, electric utility companies may establish pricing structures or interconnection requirements that could adversely affect our sales and be harmful to the solar and distributed rooftop solar generation industry.

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*U.S. government actions with regard to the solar energy sector or international trade could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The recent change in the U.S. presidential administration may create regulatory uncertainty in the clean energy sector generally and the solar energy sector in particular. If the new administration or the U.S. Congress take action to eliminate or reduce legislation, regulations and incentives supporting solar energy, such actions may result in a decrease in demand for solar energy in the United States and other geographical markets, which could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The U.S. International Trade Commission (“ITC”) made a determination of injury on September 22, 2017 on a petition filed by Suniva Inc. calling for tariffs and minimum price guarantees on solar equipment manufactured outside of the U.S. The ITC now has until November 13, 2017 to formally recommend a remedy to the president, who may subsequently impose minimum price requirements, tariffs, quotas or other remedies. Any such remedies could have a negative impact on the overall demand for solar products in the U.S. If applied specifically to products that we or our commercial partners import such remedies could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Furthermore, a significant portion of our business activities are conducted in foreign countries, including Mexico, Canada and China. During the 2016 election campaign, the new president made comments suggesting that he was not supportive of certain existing international trade agreements, including the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”). At this time, it remains unclear what the new administration or the U.S. Congress may or may not do with respect to these international trade agreements. If the new administration takes action to impose any border tariff or to withdraw from or materially modify NAFTA or certain other international trade agreements, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

If we do not forecast demand for our products accurately, we may experience product shortages, delays in product shipment, excess product inventory, or difficulties in planning expenses, any of which will adversely affect our business and financial condition.

We manufacture our products according to our estimates of customer demand. This process requires us to make multiple forecasts and assumptions relating to the demand of our distributors, their end customers and general market conditions. Because we sell most of our products to distributors, who in turn sell to their end customers, we have limited visibility as to end-customer demand. We depend significantly on our distributors to provide us visibility into their end-customer demand, and we use these forecasts to make our own forecasts and planning decisions. If the information from our distributors turns out to be incorrect, then our own forecasts may also be inaccurate. Furthermore, we do not have long-term purchase commitments from our distributors or end customers, and our sales are generally made by purchase orders that may be canceled, changed or deferred without notice to us or penalty. As a result, it is difficult to forecast future customer demand to plan our operations.

If we overestimate demand for our products, or if purchase orders are canceled or shipments are delayed, we may have excess inventory that we cannot sell. We may have to make significant provisions for inventory write-downs based on events that are currently not known, and such provisions or any adjustments to such provisions could be material. Conversely, if we underestimate demand, we may not have sufficient inventory to meet end-customer demand, and we may lose market share, damage relationships with our distributors and end customers and forgo potential revenue opportunities. Obtaining additional supply in the face of product shortages may be costly or impossible, particularly in the short term and in light of our outsourced manufacturing processes, which could prevent us from fulfilling orders in a timely and cost efficient manner or at all. In addition, if we overestimate our production requirements, our contract manufacturers may purchase excess components and build excess inventory. If our contract manufacturers, at our request, purchase excess components that are unique to our products and are unable to recoup the costs of such excess through resale or return or build excess products, we could be required to pay for these excess parts or products and recognize related inventory write-downs.

In addition, we plan our operating expenses, including research and development expenses, hiring needs and inventory investments, in part on our estimates of customer demand and future revenue. If customer demand or revenue for a particular period is lower than we expect, we may not be able to proportionately reduce our fixed operating expenses for that period, which would harm our operating results for that period.

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Our focus on a limited number of specific markets increases risks associated with the modification, elimination or expiration of governmental subsidies and economic incentives for on-grid solar electricity applications.

To date, we have generated the majority of our revenues from North America and expect to continue to generate a substantial amount of our revenues from North America in the future. There are a number of important incentives that are expected to phase-out or terminate in the future, which could adversely affect sales of our products. A substantial majority of our revenues come from the United States, which has both federal and state incentives. For instance, the Renewable Energy and Job Creation Act of 2008 currently provides a 30% federal tax credit for residential and commercial solar installations through December 31, 2019 and reduced tax credits of 26% and 22% through December 31, 2020 and 2021 respectively, before being reduced to 10% for commercial installations and 0% for residential installations beginning in 2022. These tax credits could be reduced or eliminated as part of tax code changes or regulatory reform initiatives by the new Congress and presidential administration.

In addition, net energy metering tariffs are being evaluated and in some instances modified which may have a negative impact on future inverter sales. We derive a significant portion of our revenues from California’s residential solar market and the existing California net energy metering tariff has been very successful in incentivizing the installation of residential solar systems. California, however, is re-evaluating existing incentives, tariffs and rates for residential systems in order to accommodate a sustainable growth trajectory for residential solar and to also encourage the adoption of other distributed energy resources, such as energy storage, that provide additional benefits to the consumer and the electricity grid. There is a risk that future regulatory changes will not adequately stimulate future growth in the residential solar market.

We also sell our products in Europe. A number of European countries, including Germany, Belgium, Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom have adopted reductions or concluded their FiT programs. Certain countries, notably Greece and Spain, have proposed or enacted taxes levied on renewable energy. These and related developments have significantly impacted the solar industry in Europe and may adversely affect the future demand for the solar energy solutions in Europe.

We also sell our products in Australia. In 2012 Australia enacted a Renewable Energy Target (RET) that is intended to ensure that 33,000 Gigawatt-hours of Australia's electricity comes from renewable sources by 2020. In 2013, Australia elected a new national government. The new leadership pledged to revise national energy policy, including potentially reducing Australia’s RET and revising certain renewable energy financing mechanisms. In July 2014, the new leadership successfully repealed the tax on carbon emissions. This has been replaced with the Direct Action Plan, which primarily provides funding to corporations to reduce emissions. States and territories in Australia have different FiTs, and the gradual reduction of FiTs in some states may reduce the incentive for homeowners to export unused solar energy produced back to the grid.

We also sell our products in Ontario, Canada. The Government of Ontario has the authority to change the FiTs for future contracts at its discretion and has the authority to modify, suspend, or discontinue the program at any time. Suspension of the FiT program in Ontario directly impacted and could continue to impact our business. Furthermore, any future suspension or modification of the program could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We believe the Federal and State tax credits, applicable federal and state grants, applicable tariffs and other incentive programs have had a positive effect on our sales since inception. However, unless these programs are further extended or modified to allow for continued growth in the residential solar market, the phase-out of such programs could adversely affect sales of our products in the future. The reductions in incentives and uncertainty around future energy policy, including local content requirements, have negatively affected and may continue to negatively affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations as we seek to increase our business domestically and abroad. Additionally, as we further expand to other countries, changes in incentive programs or electricity policies could negatively affect returns on our investments in those countries as well as our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Changes in current laws or regulations or the imposition of new laws or regulations, or new interpretations thereof, by federal or state agencies or foreign governments could impair our ability to compete in international markets.

Changes in current laws or regulations applicable to us or the imposition of new laws and regulations in the United States, Canada, Mexico and certain Central American markets, France, the Benelux region, certain other European markets, Australia, New Zealand and certain other Asian markets, could materially and adversely affect

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our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, changes in our products or changes in export and import laws and implementing regulations may create delays in the introduction of new products in international markets, prevent our customers from deploying our products internationally or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products to certain countries altogether.

For example, the Italian energy authority (AEEG) enacted a new set of interconnection standards for solar energy installations that became effective in July 2012, which has negatively impacted our sales in Italy. We continue to explore potential solutions to meet these requirements. However, in the event that we cannot implement a solution in the near term the total market available for our microinverter products in Italy, and our business as a result, may continue to be adversely impacted.

In addition, several states or territories, including California, Hawaii and Queensland, Australia, have either implemented or are considering implementing new restrictions on incentives or rules regulating the installation of solar systems that we may not be able to currently comply with. In the event that we cannot comply with these or other new regulations or implement a solution to such noncompliance as they arise, the total market available for our microinverter products in such states, and our business as a result, may be adversely impacted.

While we are not aware of any other current or proposed export or import regulations that would materially restrict our ability to sell our products in countries where we offer our products for sale, any change in export or import regulations or related legislation, shift in approach to the enforcement or scope of existing regulations, or change in the countries, persons or technologies targeted by these regulations, could result in decreased use of our products by, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our products to, existing or potential customers with international operations. In such event, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

The threat of continuing global economic, capital markets and credit disruptions, including sovereign debt issues, pose risks for our business.

The threat of continuing global economic, capital markets and credit disruptions, including the sovereign debt issues in Europe, pose risks for our business. These risks include slower economic activity and investment in projects that make use of our products and services. These economic developments, particularly decreased credit availability, have reduced demand for solar products. The European sovereign debt crisis has caused and may continue to cause European governments to reduce, eliminate or allow to expire government subsidies and economic incentives for solar energy, which could limit our growth or cause our net sales to decline and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. These conditions, including reduced incentives, continued decreases in credit availability, as well as continued economic instability, have and may continue to adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations as we seek to increase our sales in Europe.

A drop in the retail price of electricity derived from the utility grid or from alternative energy sources, or a change in utility pricing structures, may harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We believe that a system owner’s decision to purchase a solar PV system is strongly influenced by the cost of electricity generated by solar PV installations relative to the retail price of electricity from the utility grid and the cost of other renewable energy sources, including electricity from solar PV installations using central inverters. Decreases in the retail prices of electricity from the utility grid would make it more difficult for all solar PV systems to compete. In particular, growth in unconventional natural gas production and an increase in global liquefied natural gas capacity are expected to keep natural gas prices relatively low for the foreseeable future. Persistent low natural gas prices, lower prices of electricity produced from other energy sources, such as nuclear power, or improvements to the utility infrastructure could reduce the retail price of electricity from the utility grid, making the purchase of solar PV systems less economically attractive and lowering sales of our products. In addition, energy conservation technologies and public initiatives to reduce demand for electricity also could cause a fall in the retail price of electricity from the utility grid. Moreover, technological developments by our competitors in the solar components industry, including manufacturers of central inverters and DC to DC optimizers, could allow these competitors or their partners to offer electricity at costs lower than those that can be achieved from solar PV installations based on our product platform, which could result in reduced demand for our products. Additionally, as increasing adoption of distributed generation places pressure on traditional utility business models or utility infrastructure, utilities may change their pricing structures to make installation or operation of solar distributed generation more costly. Such measures can include grid access fees, costly or lengthy interconnection studies, limitations on distributed generation penetration levels, or other measures. If the cost of electricity generated by solar PV installations

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incorporating our microinverter systems is high relative to the cost of electricity from other sources, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.

Problems with product quality or product performance may cause us to continue to incur additional warranty expenses and may damage our market reputation and cause our revenue and gross profit to decline.

We have offered 15-year limited warranties for our first and second generation microinverters and offer a limited warranty of up to 25 years on each subsequent generation microinverters. Our limited warranties cover defects in materials and workmanship of our microinverters under normal use and service conditions for up to 25 years following installation. As a result, we bear the risk of warranty claims long after we have sold the product and recognized revenue. Our estimated costs of warranty for previously sold products may change to the extent future products are not compatible with earlier generation products under warranty.

While we offer warranties of up to 25 years, our microinverters have only been in use since mid-2008, when we first commenced commercial sales of our products. Although we conduct accelerated life cycle testing to measure performance and reliability, our microinverter systems have not been tested over the full warranty cycle and do not have a sufficient operating history to confirm how they will perform over their estimated useful life. In addition, under real-world operating conditions, which may vary by location and design, as well as insolation, soiling and weather conditions, a typical solar PV installation may perform in a different way than under standard test conditions. If our products perform below expectations or have unexpected reliability problems, we may be unable to gain or retain customers and could face substantial warranty expense.

We are required to make assumptions and apply judgments, based on our accelerated life cycle testing and the limited operating history of our products, regarding a number of factors, including the durability and reliability of our products, our anticipated rate of warranty claims and the costs of replacement of defective products. Our assumptions have proved and could in the future prove to be materially different from the actual performance of our products, which has caused and may in the future cause us to incur substantial expense to repair or replace defective products. Increases in our estimates of future warranty obligations due to actual product failure rates, field service obligations and rework costs incurred in correcting product failures have caused and could in the future cause us to materially increase the amount of warranty obligations, and have had and may have in the future a corresponding negative impact on our results of operations.

We also depend significantly on our reputation for reliability and high-quality products and services, exceptional customer service and our brand name to attract new customers and grow our business. If our products and services do not perform as anticipated or we experience unexpected reliability problems or widespread product failures, our brand and reputation could be significantly impaired and we may lose, or be unable to gain or retain, customers.

Defects and poor performance in our products could result in loss of customers, decreased revenue and unexpected expenses, and we may face warranty, indemnity and product liability claims arising from defective products.

Our products must meet stringent quality requirements and may contain undetected errors or defects, especially when first introduced or when new generations are released. Errors, defects or poor performance can arise due to design flaws, defects in raw materials or components or manufacturing difficulties, which can affect both the quality and the yield of the product. These errors or defects may be dangerous, as defective power components may cause power overloads, potentially resulting in explosion or fire. As we develop new generations of our products and enter new markets, we face higher risk of undetected defects because our testing protocols may not be able to fully test the products under all possible operating conditions. In the past, we have experienced defects in our products due to certain errors in the manufacturing and design process. Any actual or perceived errors, defects or poor performance in our products could result in the replacement or recall of our products, shipment delays, rejection of our products, damage to our reputation, lost revenue, diversion of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts in order to address or remedy any defects and increases in customer service and support costs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.

Furthermore, defective, inefficient or poorly performing power components may give rise to warranty, indemnity or product liability claims against us that exceed any revenue or profit we receive from the affected products. We could incur significant costs and liabilities if we are sued and if damages are awarded against us. We currently maintain a moderate level of product liability insurance, and there can be no assurance that this insurance

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will provide sufficient coverage in the event of a claim. Also, we cannot predict whether we will be able to maintain this coverage on acceptable terms, if at all, or that a product liability claim would not harm our business or financial condition. Costs or payments we may make in connection with warranty and product liability claims or product recalls may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our Enlighten web-based monitoring service, which our customers use to track and monitor the performance of their solar PV systems based on our product platform, may contain undetected errors, failures, or bugs, especially when new versions or enhancements are released. We have from time to time found defects in our service and new errors in our existing service may be detected in the future. Any errors, defects, disruptions in service or other performance problems with our monitoring service could harm our reputation and may damage our customers’ businesses.

If we are unable to effectively manage our workforce, our business and operating results may suffer.

We have experienced, and expect to experience in the future, volatility in our sales and operations. Our historical growth and our more recent cost reduction initiatives have placed, and are expected to continue to place, significant demands on our management as well as our financial and operational resources, to:


•	manage a dynamic organization;


•	expand third-party manufacturing, testing and distribution capacity;


•	execute on our cost reduction efforts and product initiatives with reduced headcount;


•	build additional custom manufacturing test equipment;


•	manage an increasing number of relationships with customers, suppliers and other third parties;


•	increase our sales and marketing efforts;


•	train and manage a dynamic employee base;


•	broaden our customer support capabilities; and


•	implement new and upgrade existing operational and financial systems.

We cannot assure you that our current and planned operations, personnel, systems, internal procedures and controls will be adequate to support our future operations. If we cannot manage our sales and operations effectively, we may be unable to take advantage of market opportunities, execute our business strategies or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects.

Our recent and planned expansion into new markets could subject us to additional business, financial and competitive risks.

We currently offer microinverter systems targeting the residential and commercial markets in the United States, Canada, Mexico and certain Central American markets, the United Kingdom, France, the Benelux region, certain other European markets, Australia, New Zealand and certain other Asian markets. We recently introduced our AC Battery storage solution in Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. We intend to expand into other international markets. Our success in these new geographic and product markets will depend on a number of factors, such as:


•	acceptance of microinverters in markets in which they have not traditionally been used;


•	our ability to compete in new product markets to which we are not accustomed;


•	our ability to manage manufacturing capacity and production;


•	willingness of our potential customers to incur a higher upfront capital investment than may be required for competing solutions;


•	timely qualification and certification of new products;


•	our ability to reduce production costs in order to price our products competitively over time;


•	availability of government subsidies and economic incentives for solar energy solutions;


•	accurate forecasting and effective management of inventory levels in line with anticipated product demand; and


•	our customer service capabilities and responsiveness.

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Further, new geographic markets and the larger commercial and utility-scale installation markets have different characteristics from the markets in which we currently sell products, and our success will depend on our ability to properly address these differences. These differences may include:


•	differing regulatory requirements, including tax laws, trade laws, labor, safety, local content, recycling and consumer protection regulations, tariffs, export quotas, customs duties or other trade restrictions;


•	limited or unfavorable intellectual property protection;


•	risk of change in international political or economic conditions;


•	restrictions on the repatriation of earnings;


•	fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies and interest rates;


•	difficulties and increased expenses in complying with a variety of U.S. and foreign laws, regulations and trade standards, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and UK Bribery Act;


•	potentially longer sales cycles;


•	higher volume requirements;


•	increased customer concentrations;


•	warranty expectations and product return policies; and


•	cost, performance and compatibility requirements.

Failure to develop and introduce these new products successfully, to generate sufficient revenue from these products to offset associated research and development, marketing and manufacturing costs, or to otherwise effectively anticipate and manage the risks and challenges associated with our potential expansion into new product and geographic markets, could adversely affect our revenues and our ability to achieve or sustain profitability.

Ordering patterns from our distributors may cause our revenue to fluctuate significantly from period to period.

Our distributors place purchase orders with us based on their assessment of end-customer demand and their forecasts. Because these forecasts may not be accurate, channel inventory held at our distributors may fluctuate significantly due to the difference between their forecasts and actual demand. As a result, distributors adjust their purchase orders placed with us in response to changing channel inventory levels, as well as their assessment of the latest market demand trends. We have limited visibility into future end customer demand. A significant decrease in our distributors’ channel inventory in one period may lead to a significant rebuilding of channel inventory in subsequent periods, or vice versa, which may cause our quarterly revenue and operating results to fluctuate significantly. This fluctuation may cause our results to fall short of analyst or investor expectations in a certain period, which may cause our stock price to decline.

We depend upon a small number of outside contract manufacturers. Our operations could be disrupted if we encounter problems with these contract manufacturers.

We do not have internal manufacturing capabilities, and rely upon a small number of contract manufacturers to build our products. In particular, we rely on contract manufacturers for the manufacture of microinverter products, cabling and our communications gateway related to our microinverter systems. Our reliance on a small number of contract manufacturers makes us vulnerable to possible capacity constraints and reduced control over component availability, delivery schedules, manufacturing yields and costs. We do not have long-term supply contracts with our other manufacturing partners. Consequently, these manufacturers are not obligated to supply products to us for any period, in any specified quantity or at any certain price.

The revenues that our contract manufacturers generate from our orders may represent a relatively small percentage of their overall revenues. As a result, fulfilling our orders may not be considered a priority in the event of constrained ability to fulfill all of their customer obligations in a timely manner. In addition, the facilities in which most of our microinverters, related cabling and communications gateway products are manufactured are located outside of the United States. We believe that the location of these facilities outside of the United States increases supply risk, including the risk of supply interruptions or reductions in manufacturing quality or controls.

If any of our contract manufacturers were unable or unwilling to manufacture our products in required volumes and at high quality levels or renew existing terms under supply agreements, we would have to identify, qualify and select acceptable alternative contract manufacturers. An alternative contract manufacturer may not be available to us when needed or may not be in a position to satisfy our quality or production requirements on commercially reasonable terms, including price. Any significant interruption in manufacturing would require us to reduce our

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supply of products to our customers, which in turn would reduce our revenues, harm our relationships with our customers and damage our relationships with our distributors and end customers and cause us to forgo potential revenue opportunities.

Manufacturing problems could result in delays in product shipments to customers and could adversely affect our revenue, competitive position and reputation.

We may experience delays, disruptions or quality control problems in our manufacturing operations. Our product development, manufacturing and testing processes are complex and require significant technological and production process expertise. Such processes involve a number of precise steps from design to production. Any change in our processes could cause one or more production errors, requiring a temporary suspension or delay in our production line until the errors can be researched, identified and properly addressed and rectified. This may occur particularly as we introduce new products, modify our engineering and production techniques, and expand our capacity. In addition, our failure to maintain appropriate quality assurance processes could result in increased product failures, loss of customers, increased production costs and delays. Any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

A disruption could also occur in our manufacturing partner’s fabrication facility due to any number of reasons, such as equipment failure, contaminated materials or process deviations, which could adversely impact manufacturing yields or delay product shipments. As a result, we could incur additional costs that would adversely affect our gross profit, and product shipments to our customers could be delayed beyond the shipment schedules requested by our customers, which would negatively affect our revenue, competitive position and reputation.

Additionally, manufacturing yields depend on a number of factors, including the stability and manufacturability of the product design, manufacturing improvements gained over cumulative production volumes and the quality and consistency of component parts. Capacity constraints, raw materials shortages, logistics issues, labor shortages, changes in customer requirements, manufacturing facilities or processes, or those of some third-party contract manufacturers and suppliers of raw materials and components have historically caused, and may in the future cause, reduced manufacturing yields, negatively impacting the gross profit on, and our production capacity for, those products. Moreover, an increase in the rejection and rework rate of products during the quality control process before, during or after manufacture would result in our experiencing lower yields, gross profit and production capacity.

The risks of these types of manufacturing problems are further increased during the introduction of new product lines, which has from time to time caused, and may in the future cause, temporary suspension of production lines while problems are addressed or corrected. Since our business is substantially dependent on a limited number of product lines, any prolonged or substantial suspension of manufacturing production lines could result in a material adverse effect on our revenue, gross profit, competitive position, and distributor and customer relationships.

We depend on sole source and limited source suppliers for key components and products. If we are unable to source these components on a timely basis, we will not be able to deliver our products to our customers.

We depend on sole source and limited source suppliers for key components of our products. For example, our ASICs are purchased from a sole source supplier or developed for us by sole source suppliers. Similarly, the battery cells for our AC Battery storage products are also currently sole sourced. Any of the sole source and limited source suppliers upon whom we rely could experience quality and reliability issues, could stop producing our components, cease operations or be acquired by, or enter into exclusive arrangements with, our competitors. We generally do not have long-term supply agreements with our suppliers, and our purchase volumes may currently be too low for us to be considered a priority customer by most of our suppliers. As a result, most of these suppliers could stop selling to us at commercially reasonable prices, or at all. Any such quality or reliability issue, or interruption or delay may force us to seek similar components or products from alternative sources, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, including price, or at all. Switching suppliers may require that we redesign our products to accommodate new components, and may potentially require us to re-qualify our products, which would be costly and time-consuming. Any interruption in the quality or supply of sole source or limited source components for our products would adversely affect our ability to meet scheduled product deliveries to our customers and could result in lost revenue or higher expenses and would harm our business.

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If we or our contract manufacturers are unable to obtain raw materials in a timely manner or if the price of raw materials increases significantly, production time and product costs could increase, which may adversely affect our business.

The manufacturing and packaging processes used by our contract manufacturers depend on raw materials such as copper, aluminum, silicon and petroleum-based products. From time to time, suppliers may extend lead times, limit supplies or increase prices due to capacity constraints or other factors. Certain of our suppliers have the ability to pass along to us directly or through our contract manufacturers any increases in the price of raw materials. If the prices of these raw materials rise significantly, we may be unable to pass on the increased cost to our customers. While we may from time to time enter into hedging transactions to reduce our exposure to wide fluctuations in the cost of raw materials, the availability and effectiveness of these hedging transactions may be limited. Due to all these factors, our results of operations could be adversely affected if we or our contract manufacturers are unable to obtain adequate supplies of raw materials in a timely manner or at reasonable cost. In addition, from time to time, we or our contract manufacturers may need to reject raw materials that do not meet our specifications, resulting in potential delays or declines in output. Furthermore, problems with our raw materials may give rise to compatibility or performance issues in our products, which could lead to an increase in customer returns or product warranty claims. Errors or defects may arise from raw materials supplied by third parties that are beyond our detection or control, which could lead to additional customer returns or product warranty claims that may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

If potential owners of solar PV systems based on our product platform are unable to secure financing on acceptable terms, we could experience a reduction in the demand for our solar PV systems.

Many owners of solar PV systems depend on financing to purchase their systems. The limited use of microinverters to date, coupled with our relatively smaller size and capitalization compared to some of our competitors, could result in lenders refusing to provide the financing necessary to purchase solar PV systems based on our product platform on favorable terms, or at all. Moreover, in the case of debt financed projects, even if lenders are willing to finance the purchase of these systems, an increase in interest rates or a change in tax incentives could make it difficult for owners to secure the financing necessary to purchase a solar PV system on favorable terms, or at all. In addition, we believe that a significant percentage of owners purchase solar PV systems as an investment, funding the initial capital expenditure through a combination of upfront cash and financing. Difficulties in obtaining financing for solar PV systems on favorable terms, or increases in interest rates or changes in tax incentives, could lower an investor’s return on investment in a solar PV system, or make alternative solar PV systems or other investments more attractive relative to solar PV systems based on our product platform. Any of these events could result in reduced demand for our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, a significant share of residential solar installations has been provided through third party financing structures, such as power purchase or lease agreements. Our sales growth may depend on sales to developers of third party solar finance offerings who provide solar as a service via power purchase agreements or leasing structures. The third party finance market for residential solar in the United States and elsewhere is or may become highly concentrated, with a few significant finance companies and several smaller entrants. If we are unable develop relationships and gain a significant share of inverter sales to the major finance companies or new entrants, our overall sales growth could be constrained.

We rely primarily on distributors, large installers and providers of solar financing to assist in selling our products, and the failure of these customers to perform as expected could reduce our future revenue.

We sell our microinverter systems primarily through distributors, as well as through direct sales to solar equipment installers and sales to developers of third party solar finance offerings. We do not have exclusive arrangements with these third parties and, as a result, many of our customers also use or market and sell products from our competitors, which may reduce our sales. Our customers may generally terminate their relationships with us at any time, or with short notice. Our customers may fail to devote resources necessary to sell our products at the prices, in the volumes and within the time frames that we expect, or may focus their marketing and sales efforts on products of our competitors. In addition, participants in the solar industry are becoming increasingly focused on vertical integration of the solar financing and installation process, which may lead to an overall reduction in the number of potential parties who may purchase and install our products.

Our future performance depends on our ability to effectively manage our relationships with our existing customers, as well as to attract additional customers that will be able to market and support our products effectively, especially in markets in which we have not previously distributed our products. Termination of agreements with

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current customers, failure by these customers to perform as expected, or failure by us to cultivate new customer relationships, could hinder our ability to expand our operations and harm our revenue and operating results.

We may fail to capture customers in the new product and geographic markets that we are pursuing.

We are pursuing opportunities in energy management and energy storage which are highly competitive markets. We have made investments in our infrastructure, increased our operating costs and forgone other business opportunities in order to seek opportunities in these areas and will continue to do so. Any new product is subject to certain risks, including component sourcing, strategic partner selection and execution, customer acceptance, competition, product differentiation, market timing, challenges relating to economies of scale in component sourcing and the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop and grow these or any other new concepts to a point where they will become profitable, or generate positive cash flow. If we fail to execute on our plan with respect to new product introductions, these new potential business segments may fail to translate into revenue in the quantities or timeline projected, thus, having a materially adverse impact on our revenue, operating results and financial stability. In addition, we are pursuing new geographic markets. The inability to capture new customers in these high-growth geographic markets could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our success in an “AC module” version of our microinverter system may depend in part upon our ability to continue to work closely with leading solar module manufacturers.

We have developed variants of our microinverter system that enable an “AC module” in which the microinverter is directly attached to the solar modules. The market success of such solutions will depend in part on our ability to continue to work closely with solar module manufacturers to design solar modules that are compatible with such direct attachment of our microinverter. We may not be able to encourage additional solar module manufacturers to work with us on the development of such compatible solutions combining our microinverter system and solar modules for a variety of reasons, including differences in marketing or selling strategy, competitive considerations, lack of competitive pricing, and technological compatibility. In addition, our ability to form additional effective partnerships with solar module manufacturers may be adversely affected by the substantial changes faced by many of these manufacturers due to declining prices and revenues from sales of solar modules.

If we fail to retain our key personnel or if we fail to attract additional qualified personnel, we may not be able to achieve our anticipated level of growth and our business could suffer.

Our future success and ability to implement our business strategy depends, in part, on our ability to attract and retain key personnel, and on the continued contributions of members of our senior management team and key technical personnel, each of whom would be difficult to replace. All of our employees, including our senior management, are free to terminate their employment relationships with us at any time. Competition for highly skilled technical people is extremely intense, and we face challenges identifying, hiring and retaining qualified personnel in many areas of our business. If we fail to retain our senior management and other key personnel or if we fail to attract additional qualified personnel, we may not be able to achieve our strategic objectives and our business could suffer.

If we fail to protect, or incur significant costs in defending, our intellectual property and other proprietary rights, our business and results of operations could be materially harmed.

Our success depends to a significant degree on our ability to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights. We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret and unfair competition laws, as well as confidentiality and license agreements and other contractual provisions, to establish and protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights. We have applied for patent and trademark registrations in the United States and in certain other countries, some of which have been issued. We cannot guarantee that any of our pending applications will be approved or that our existing and future intellectual property rights will be sufficiently broad to protect our proprietary technology, and any failure to obtain such approvals or finding that our intellectual property rights are invalid or unenforceable could force us to, among other things, rebrand or re-design our affected products. In countries where we have not applied for patent protection or where effective intellectual property protection is not available to the same extent as in the United States, we may be at greater risk that our proprietary rights will be misappropriated, infringed or otherwise violated.

To protect our unregistered intellectual property, including our trade secrets and know-how, we rely in part on trade secret laws and confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and independent consultants. We also require other third parties who may have access to our proprietary technologies and

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information to enter into non-disclosure agreements. Such measures, however, provide only limited protection, and we cannot assure that our confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements will prevent unauthorized disclosure or use of our confidential information, especially after our employees or third parties end their employment or engagement with us, or provide us with an adequate remedy in the event of such disclosure. Furthermore, competitors or other third parties may independently discover our trade secrets, in which case we would not be able to assert trade secret rights, copy or reverse engineer our products or portions thereof or develop similar technology. If we fail to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights, or if such intellectual property and proprietary rights are infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially harmed.

In the future, we may need to take legal action to prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating our intellectual property or from otherwise gaining access to our technology. Protecting and enforcing our intellectual property rights and determining their validity and scope could result in significant litigation costs and require significant time and attention from our technical and management personnel, which could significantly harm our business. In addition, we may not prevail in such proceedings. An adverse outcome of any such proceeding may reduce our competitive advantage or otherwise harm our financial condition and our business.

Third parties may assert that we are infringing upon their intellectual property rights, which could divert management’s attention, cause us to incur significant costs and prevent us from selling or using the technology to which such rights relate.

Our competitors and other third parties hold numerous patents related to technology used in our industry, and claims of patent or other intellectual property right infringement or violation have been litigated against certain of our competitors. From time to time we may also be subject to such claims and litigation. Regardless of their merit, responding to such claims can be time consuming, divert management’s attention and resources and may cause us to incur significant expenses. While we believe that our products and technology do not infringe in any material respect upon any valid intellectual property rights of third parties, we cannot be certain that we would be successful in defending against any such claims. Furthermore, patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time before being published, so we cannot be certain that we are not infringing third parties’ patent rights or that we were the first to conceive or protect inventions covered by our patents or patent applications. An adverse outcome with respect to any intellectual property claim could invalidate our proprietary rights and force us to do one or more of the following:


•	obtain from a third party claiming infringement a license to sell or use the relevant technology, which may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all;


•	stop manufacturing, selling, incorporating or using our products that embody the asserted intellectual property;


•	pay substantial monetary damages;


•	indemnify our customers pursuant to indemnification obligations under some of our customer contracts; or


•	expend significant resources to redesign the products that use the infringing technology and to develop or acquire non-infringing technology.

Any of these actions could result in a substantial reduction in our revenue and could result in losses over an extended period of time.

Our failure to obtain the right to use necessary third-party intellectual property rights on reasonable terms, or our failure to maintain, and comply with the terms and conditions applicable to these rights, could harm our business and prospects.

From time to time we have licensed, and in the future, we may choose to or be required to license, technology or intellectual property from third parties in connection with the development of our products. We cannot assure that such licenses will be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and our inability to obtain such licenses could require us to substitute technology of lower quality or of greater cost. In addition, we incorporate open source software code in our proprietary software. Use of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software since open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls with respect to origin, functionality or other features of the software. Some open source software licenses require users who distribute open source software as part of their products to publicly disclose all or part of the source code in their software and make any derivative works of the open source code available for limited fees or at no cost. Although we monitor our use of open source software, open source license terms may be ambiguous, and many of

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the risks associated with the use of open source software cannot be eliminated. If we were found to have inappropriately used open source software, we may be required to release our proprietary source code, re-engineer our software, discontinue the sale of certain products in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis or take other remedial action. Furthermore, if we are unable to obtain or maintain licenses from third parties or fail to comply with applicable open source licenses, we may be subject to costly third party claims of intellectual property infringement or ownership of our proprietary source code. Any of the above could harm our business and put us at a competitive disadvantage.

Our business has been and could continue to be affected by seasonal trends and construction cycles.

We have been and could continue to be subject to industry-specific seasonal fluctuations, particularly in climates that experience colder weather during the winter months, such as northern Europe, Canada, and the United States. In general, we expect our products in the second, third, and fourth quarters will be positively affected by seasonal customer demand trends, including solar economic incentives, weather patterns and construction cycles, preceded by a seasonally softer first quarter. In the United States, customers will sometimes make purchasing decisions towards the end of the year in order to take advantage of tax credits or for budgetary reasons. In addition, construction levels are typically slower in colder months. In European countries with FiTs, the construction of solar PV systems may be concentrated during the second half of the calendar year, largely due to the annual reduction of the applicable minimum FiT and the fact that the coldest winter months are January through March. Accordingly, our business and quarterly results of operations could be affected by seasonal fluctuations in the future.

Covenants in our credit facility and term loan may limit our flexibility in responding to business opportunities and competitive developments and increase our vulnerability to adverse economic or industry conditions.

We are a party to a term loan agreement with affiliates of Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC (“TCP”). This agreement restricts our ability to take certain actions such as incurring additional debt, encumbering our tangible or intangible property, paying dividends, or engaging in certain transactions, such as mergers and acquisitions, investments and asset sales. These restrictions may limit our flexibility in responding to business opportunities, competitive developments and adverse economic or industry conditions. In addition, our obligations under these agreements are secured by substantially all of our assets (excluding intellectual property), which limits our ability to provide collateral for additional financing. A breach of any of these covenants, or a failure to pay interest or indebtedness when due under any of our credit facilities, could result in a variety of adverse consequences, including the acceleration of our indebtedness and the forfeiture of our assets subject to security interests in favor of the lenders.

We are an “emerging growth company,” and have elected to comply with reduced public company reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies, which could make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act enacted in April 2012, or the JOBS Act. We have chosen to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies but not to “emerging growth companies,” including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We will cease to be an “emerging growth company” on December 31, 2017 (the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering), although we could cease to be an “emerging growth company” earlier if certain events occur as specified in the JOBS Act, such as our achieving annual revenue of at least $1 billion or our becoming a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we have chosen to take advantage of these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result of any choices to reduce future disclosure, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls or are unable to remediate any deficiencies in our internal controls, we might not be able to report our financial results accurately or prevent fraud; in that case, our stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and could negatively impact the price of our stock.

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Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. In addition, Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires us to establish and maintain internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls procedures. The process of implementing our internal controls and complying with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has required, and will continue to require, significant attention of management. Although we are currently not required to provide an auditor’s attestation report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, otherwise required by Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, this exemption will no longer be available to us beginning with our first Annual Report on 10-K for the year in which we cease to be an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. If we or our independent registered public accounting firm discover a material weakness in the future, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the market’s confidence in our financial statements and harm our stock price. In addition, a delay in compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could subject us to a variety of administrative sanctions, including SEC action, ineligibility for short form resale registration, the suspension or delisting of our common stock from the stock exchange on which it is listed and the inability of registered broker-dealers to make a market in our common stock, which would further reduce our stock price and could harm our business. To the extent any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting are identified in the future, we could be required to expend significant management time and financial resources to correct such material weaknesses or to respond to any resulting regulatory investigations or proceedings.

Our ability to use net operating losses to reduce future tax payments may be limited by provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, and may be subject to further limitation as a result of future transactions.

Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), contain rules that limit the ability of a company that undergoes an “ownership change,” generally defined as a more than 50 percentage point increase in the percentage of its stock owned by certain stockholders over a three-year period, to utilize its net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and certain built-in losses recognized in the years after the ownership change. These rules generally operate by focusing on ownership changes involving stockholders who directly or indirectly own 5% or more of the stock of a company and any change in ownership arising from a new issuance of stock by the company. Generally, if an ownership change occurs, the yearly taxable income limitation on the use of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards is equal to the product of the applicable long-term tax exempt rate and the value of the company’s stock immediately before the ownership change. If these limitations apply, we may be unable to offset our taxable income with net operating losses, or our tax liability with credits, before these losses and credits expire. We recently completed a study to assess whether an ownership change has occurred or whether there have been multiple ownership changes since we became a loss corporation under the Code. However, we do not anticipate these limitations will significantly impact our ability to utilize the net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards.

In addition, it is possible that future transactions (including issuances of new shares of our common stock and sales of shares of our common stock) will cause us to undergo one or more additional ownership changes. In that event, we generally would not be able to use our net operating losses from periods prior to this ownership change to offset future taxable income in excess of the annual limitations imposed by Sections 382 and 383 and those attributes that are already subject to limitations (as a result of our prior ownership changes) may be subject to more stringent limitations.

Natural disasters, terrorist or cyber attacks, or other catastrophic events could harm our operations.

Our worldwide operations could be subject to natural disasters and other business disruptions, which could harm our future revenue and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. For example, our corporate headquarters in Petaluma, California is located near major earthquake fault lines. Further, a terrorist attack, including one aimed at energy or communications infrastructure suppliers or our cloud-based monitoring service, could hinder or delay the development and sale or performance of our products. In the event that an earthquake, tsunami, typhoon, terrorist or cyber attack, or other natural, manmade or technical catastrophe were to destroy any part of our facilities or those of our contract manufacturer, destroy or disrupt vital infrastructure systems or interrupt our operations or services for any extended period of time, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

Any unauthorized access to, or disclosure or theft of personal information we gather, store or use could harm our reputation and subject us to claims or litigation.

We receive, store and use certain personal information of our customers, and the end-users of our customers’ solar PV systems, including names, addresses, e-mail addresses, credit information and energy production

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statistics. We also store and use personal information of our employees. We take steps to protect the security, integrity and confidentiality of the personal information we collect, store and transmit, but there is no guarantee that inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure will not occur or that third parties will not gain unauthorized access to this information despite our efforts. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target, we and our suppliers or vendors may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative or mitigation measures.

Unauthorized use or disclosure of, or access to, any personal information maintained by us or on our behalf, whether through breach of our systems, breach of the systems of our suppliers or vendors by an unauthorized party, or through employee or contractor error, theft or misuse, or otherwise, could harm our business. If any such unauthorized use or disclosure of, or access to, such personal information were to occur, our operations could be seriously disrupted and we could be subject to demands, claims and litigation by private parties, and investigations, related actions, and penalties by regulatory authorities. In addition, we could incur significant costs in notifying affected persons and entities and otherwise complying with the multitude of foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the unauthorized access to, or use or disclosure of, personal information. Finally, any perceived or actual unauthorized access to, or use or disclosure of, such information could harm our reputation, substantially impair our ability to attract and retain customers and have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be subject to disruptions or failures in information technology systems and network infrastructures that could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

We rely on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of complex information technology systems and network infrastructures to operate our business. A disruption, infiltration or failure of our information technology systems as a result of software or hardware malfunctions, system implementations or upgrades, computer viruses, cyber-attacks, third-party security breaches, employee error, theft or misuse, malfeasance, power disruptions, natural disasters or accidents could cause breaches of data security, loss of intellectual property and critical data and the release and misappropriation of sensitive competitive information and partner, customer and employee personal data. We have been and may in the future be subject to fraud attempts from outside parties through our electronic systems (such as “phishing” e-mail communications to our finance, technical or other personnel), which could put us at risk for harm from fraud, theft or other loss if our internal controls do not operate as intended. Any of these events could harm our competitive position, result in a loss of customer confidence, cause us to incur significant costs to remedy any damages and ultimately materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.

We are dependent on ocean transportation to deliver our products in a cost efficient manner. If we are unable to use ocean transportation to deliver our products, our business and financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted.

We rely on commercial ocean transportation for the delivery of a large percentage of our products to our customers in North America, Europe, Australia and other markets. We also rely on more expensive air transportation when ocean transportation is not available or compatible with the delivery time requirements of our customers. Our ability to deliver our products via ocean transportation could be adversely impacted by shortages in available cargo capacity, changes by carriers and transportation companies in policies and practices, such as scheduling, pricing, payment terms and frequency of service or increases in the cost of fuel, taxes and labor; and other factors, such as labor strikes and work stoppages, not within our control. If we are unable to use ocean transportation and are required to substitute more expensive air transportation, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely impacted. Material interruptions in service or stoppages in transportation, whether caused by strike, work stoppage, lock-out, slowdown or otherwise, could materially and adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The market price of our common stock may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance.

The market price of our common stock has been and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to, among other things, the risk factors described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and other factors beyond our control, such as fluctuations in the valuation of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us. Furthermore, the stock markets have experienced price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations,

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as well as general economic, political and market conditions, such as recessions, interest rate changes or international currency fluctuations, may negatively affect the market price of our common stock. In the past, many companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may become the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our business.

Our financial results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, which may lead to volatility in our stock price.

Our quarterly revenue and results of operations have varied in the past and may continue to vary significantly from quarter to quarter. This variability may lead to volatility in our stock price as research analysts and investors respond to these quarterly fluctuations. These fluctuations are due to numerous factors, including:


•	fluctuations in demand for our products;


•	the timing, volume and product mix of sales of our products, which may have different average selling prices or profit margins;


•	changes in our pricing and sales policies or the pricing and sales policies of our competitors;


•	our ability to design, manufacture and deliver products to our customers in a timely and cost-effective manner and that meet customer requirements;


•	our ability to manage our relationships with our contract manufacturers, customers and suppliers;


•	quality control or yield problems in our manufacturing operations;


•	the anticipation, announcement or introductions of new or enhanced products by our competitors and ourselves;


•	reductions in the retail price of electricity;


•	changes in laws, regulations and policies applicable to our business and products, particularly those relating to government incentives for solar energy applications;


•	unanticipated increases in costs or expenses;


•	the amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures related to the maintenance and expansion of our business operations;


•	the impact of government-sponsored programs on our customers;


•	our exposure to the credit risks of our customers, particularly in light of the fact that some of our customers are relatively new entrants to the solar market without long operating or credit histories;


•	our ability to estimate future warranty obligations due to product failure rates, claim rates or replacement costs;


•	our ability to forecast our customer demand and manufacturing requirements, and manage our inventory;


•	fluctuations in our gross profit;


•	our ability to predict our revenue and plan our expenses appropriately; and


•	fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

The above factors are difficult to forecast, and these, as well as other factors, could materially and adversely affect our quarterly and annual results of operations. Any failure to adjust spending quickly enough to compensate for a revenue shortfall could magnify the adverse impact of this revenue shortfall on our results of operations. Moreover, our results of operations may not meet our announced guidance or the expectations of research analysts or investors, in which case the price of our common stock could decrease significantly. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully address these risks.

If research analysts do not publish research about our business or if they issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade our common stock, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that research analysts publish about us and our business. The price of our common stock could decline if one or more research analysts downgrade our stock or if those analysts issue other unfavorable commentary or cease publishing reports about us or our business. If one or more of the research analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our common stock could decrease, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

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*If we fail to meet the continued listing standards of Nasdaq, our common stock may be delisted, which could have a material adverse effect on the liquidity and market price of our common stock.

Our common stock is currently traded on the Nasdaq Global Market. The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) has requirements that a company must meet in order to remain listed. There can be no assurance that we will continue to meet these requirements in the future. If we fail to meet any such requirements, Nasdaq may initiate delisting processes. If our common stock were to be delisted, the liquidity of our common stock would be adversely affected and the market price of our common stock could decrease.

Our affiliated stockholders, executive officers and directors own a significant percentage of our stock, and they may take actions that our other stockholders may not view as beneficial.

Our affiliated stockholders, executive officers and directors collectively own a significant percentage of our common stock. This significant concentration of share ownership may adversely affect the trading price for our common stock because investors often perceive disadvantages in owning stock in companies with controlling stockholders. Also, as a result, these stockholders, acting together, may be able to control our management and affairs and matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as mergers, consolidations or the sale of substantially all of our assets. Consequently, this concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control, including a merger, consolidation or other business combination involving us, or discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control, even if this change in control would benefit our other stockholders.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market by our existing stockholders could cause our stock price to fall.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales may have on the prevailing market price of our common stock. All outstanding shares of our common stock are eligible for sale in the public market, subject in some cases to the volume limitations and manner of sale requirements of Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Sales of stock by our stockholders could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock.

Certain holders of our securities are entitled to rights with respect to the registration of their shares under the Securities Act. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in the shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act. Any sales of securities by these stockholders could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock.

We currently do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock and, consequently, your only opportunity to achieve a return on your investment is if the price of our common stock appreciates.

We currently do not plan to declare dividends on shares of our common stock in the foreseeable future. In addition, our term loan agreement restricts our ability to pay dividends. Consequently, an investor’s only opportunity to achieve a return on its investment in our company will be if the market price of our common stock appreciates and the investor sells its shares at a profit.

Our charter documents and Delaware law could prevent a takeover that stockholders consider favorable and could also reduce the market price of our stock.

Our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change in control of our company. These provisions could also make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions, including effecting changes in our management. These provisions include:


•	providing for a classified board of directors with staggered, three-year terms, which could delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our board of directors;


•	not providing for cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;


•	authorizing our board of directors to issue, without stockholder approval, preferred stock rights senior to those of common stock, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquiror;

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•	prohibiting stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;

•

requiring the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of voting stock, voting as a single class, to amend provisions of our certificate of incorporation relating to the management of our business, our board of directors, stockholder action by written consent, advance notification of stockholder nominations and proposals, forum selection and the liability of our directors, or to amend our bylaws, which may inhibit the ability of stockholders or an acquiror to effect such amendments to facilitate changes in management or an unsolicited takeover attempt;


•	requiring special meetings of stockholders may only be called by our chairman of the board, if any, our chief executive officer, our president or a majority of our board of directors, which could delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors; and


•	requiring advance notification of stockholder nominations and proposals, which may discourage or deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquiror’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.

In addition, the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporate Law may prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or more of our outstanding common stock, from engaging in certain business combinations, without approval of substantially all of our stockholders, for a certain period of time.

These provisions in our certificate of incorporation, our bylaws and under Delaware law could discourage potential takeover attempts, reduce the price that investors might be willing to pay for shares of our common stock in the future and result in the market price being lower than it would be without these provisions.

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Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.



Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.



Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.



Item 5.	Other Information

None.



Item 6.	Exhibits

See the Exhibit Index which follows the signature page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: November 8, 2017



	ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

	By:		/s/ Humberto Garcia
			Humberto Garcia
			Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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EXHIBIT INDEX



Exhibit Number		Description

3.1		Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Enphase Energy, Inc. dated May 18, 2017⁽¹⁾

3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws of Enphase Energy, Inc.⁽²⁾

4.1		Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Enphase Energy, Inc.⁽³⁾

4.2		2010 Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement by and between Enphase Energy, Inc. and the investors listed on Exhibit A thereto, dated March 15, 2010, as amended.⁽⁴⁾

10.1+		Offer Letter by and between Enphase Energy, Inc. and Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman, dated September 3, 2017.

10.2+		Separation Agreement by and between Enphase Energy Inc. and Paul Nahi, dated August 8, 2017.

31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).

32.1*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Document.

________________________


(1)	Previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-35480), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 9, 2017, and incorporated by reference herein.


(2)	Previously filed as Exhibit 3.5 to Amendment No. 7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-174925), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 12, 2012, and incorporated by reference herein.


(3)	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-174925), and incorporated herein by reference herein.


(4)	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No 333-174925), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 25, 2011, and incorporated by reference herein.


+	Management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement


*	The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 accompany this quarterly report on Form 10-Q pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and shall not be deemed “filed” by Enphase Energy, Inc. for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Exhibit

September 3, 2017

Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman

Dear Badri:

Enphase Energy, Inc. (the "Company'') is pleased to offer you the position of President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) on the updated employment terms set forth in this offer letter agreement (the "Updated Agreement"). This Updated Agreement is intended to amend and update the terms of your existing employment offer letter dated on or about March 20, 2017 (the "Existing Agreement"), which will otherwise remain place in accordance with its terms.

Position, Duties and Location. Your title will be President and Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"). You will report to the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board"), and you will perform those duties and responsibilities customary to the CEO position and as may be reasonably directed by the Board. You will also be appointed to the Board as a Class Ill Director. Your primary office location will be the Company's headquarters in Petaluma, California. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company reserves the right to reasonably require you to perform your duties at places other than its corporate headquarters from time to time, and to require reasonable business travel. During the term of your employment with the Company, you will devote your best efforts and substantially all of your business time and attention to the business of the Company, except for approved vacation periods and reasonable periods of illness or other incapacities permitted by the Company's general employment policies.

Base Salary. The Company will pay you an annualized base salary at the rate of four hundred fifty thousand dollars ($450,000}, less applicable payroll deductions and withholdings, payable in accordance with the Company’s standard payroll schedule. Beginning in calendar year 2019, the Board's Compensation Committee (the "Compensation Committee") will review your base salary for potential modification on an annual basis as part of its annual compensation review of the Company's executives.

Annual Bonus. You will be eligible to earn an annual discretionary bonus of up to one hundred percent (100%) of your current annualized base salary rate (the "Annual Bonus"), which, for calendar year 2017, will be prorated for the level of your base salary over the course of the year. The Annual Bonus will be based upon the Compensation Committee's assessment of your performance against individual performance goals and the Company's attainment of financial and/or other business goals as set by the Compensation Committee for a given calendar year in its sole discretion. Bonus payments, if any, will be subject to applicable payroll deductions and withholdings. Following the close of each calendar year, the Compensation Committee will determine whether you shall be paid an Annual Bonus, and the amount of any such bonus, based on the achievement of such goals. Except as set forth in this Agreement, no amount of Annual Bonus is guaranteed, and you must be an employee on the Annual Bonus payment date to receive and earn an Annual Bonus, which will be paid within ninety (90) days following the end of the applicable bonus year. No partial or prorated bonuses will be provided.

Stock Grants. In connection with your promotion to the CEO position, the Company will grant you an option to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by the Board (or the Compensation Committee) on the applicable date of the grant (the "Option"). The Option will be subject to the terms of the Company’s 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Plan") and the applicable stock option agreements (the "Stock Agreements"). The Option shares will vest subject to your continued employment as CEO over a four-year period, whereby twenty-five percent (25%) of the

Option shares will vest and become exercisable on the one year anniversary of the date you commence the CEO position, with the remaining shares subject to the Option vesting and becoming exercisable in thirty-six (36) equal monthly installments thereafter, in each case subject to your continued employment through the applicable vesting dates and the terms and conditions of the Plan and the applicable Stock Agreements. Subject to approval by the Board or the Compensation Committee, beginning in calendar year 2019, you will be eligible to receive additional equity awards annually as part of the Compensation Committee's discretionary annual equity refresh grant process; any such additional equity awards will be subject to vesting and other terms as determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion.

Severance and Change in Control Benefit Plan. You will continue be eligible for severance and change in control benefits under the Company's Severance and Change in Control Benefit Plan (the "Severance Plan"). In connection with your promotion to the CEO position, you will be designated as a Tier I Participant (i.e., the highest level of participation), subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Severance Plan.

At-Will Employment Relationship. Employment with the Company is for no specific period of time. Your employment relationship with the Company is "at will,” meaning that either you or the Company may terminate your employment at any time, with or without Cause (as defined in the Severance Plan) or advance notice. Any contrary representations that may have been made to you are superseded by this Updated Agreement. Although your job duties, title, compensation and benefits, as well as the Company's personnel policies and procedures, may change from time to time, the "at will" nature of your employment may only be changed in an express written agreement signed by both you and a duly authorized representative of the Board (other than you).

Miscellaneous. This Updated Agreement, together with the Existing Agreement (and exhibits thereto including your Employee Invention Assignment and Confidentiality Agreement), constitutes the complete and exclusive statement of your employment agreement with the Company. It supersedes any other agreements or promises made to you by anyone, whether oral or written. In the event of any conflict between this Updated Agreement and the Existing Agreement, the provisions of this Updated Agreement shall control. Changes in your employment terms, other than those changes expressly reserved to the Company's, the Board's or the Compensation Committee’s discretion in this Agreement, require a written modification approved by the Company and signed by a duly authorized representative of the Board (other than you). This Updated Agreement will bind the heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns of both you and the Company, and inure to the benefit of both you and the Company, their heirs, successors and assigns. If any provision of this Updated Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, this determination shall not affect any other provision of this Updated Agreement and the provision in question shall be modified so as to be rendered enforceable in a manner consistent with the intent of the parties insofar as possible under applicable law. This Updated Agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of California without regard to conflicts of law principles. You and the Company submit to the exclusive personal jurisdiction of the federal and state courts located in San Francisco County and Sonoma County in connection with any and all disputes, claims, or causes of action arising from or relating to the enforcement, breach, performance, negotiation, execution, or interpretation of this Updated Agreement, your employment, or the termination of your employment. Any ambiguity in this Updated Agreement shall not be construed against either party as the drafter. Any waiver of a breach of this Updated Agreement, or rights hereunder, shall be in writing and shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any successive breach or rights hereunder. This Updated Agreement may be executed in counterparts which shall be deemed to be part of one original, and facsimile and electronic signatures shall be equivalent to original signatures.

[Signature Page Follows]

Very truly yours,

ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

By: /s/ Steven Gomo

Steven Gomo, Lead Independent Director On Behalf of the Board of Directors

I have read, understand and accept this Updated Agreement: By:

/s/ Badri Kothandaraman

Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman

Dated: September 3, 2017

Exhibit

August 8, 2017

Mr. Paul B. Nahi

101 Santa Paula Ave.

San Francisco, CA 94127

Dear Paul:

This letter sets forth the substance of the separation and consulting agreement (the “Agreement”) that Enphase Energy, Inc. (the “Company”) is offering to you.

1.SEPARATION. You will serve as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) until the Company’s August 8, 2017 earnings call. During such call, you agree to announce your voluntary resignation from the President and CEO position and from your position on the Board of Directors (the “Board”), and to effect such resignations immediately. Your resignations will also include resigning from all other positions with the Company and its subsidiaries. Between August 8, 2017 and August 11, 2017 (“the Separation Date) (such period, the “Employment Transition Period”), you will remain employed in a non-executive capacity and perform such duties as requested by the Board. During the Employment Transition Period, you must continue to comply with all of the Company’s policies and procedures and with all of your statutory and contractual obligations to the Company (including, without limitation, your obligations under the Employee Invention Assignment and Confidentiality Agreement, attached as Exhibit A (“Confidentiality Agreement”), which you agree to sign contemporaneously with this Agreement). During the Employment Transition Period, your base salary will remain the same, and you will continue to be eligible for the Company’s standard benefits, subject to the terms and conditions applicable to such plans and programs. Your Company stock options will also continue to vest under the existing terms and conditions set forth in the governing plan documents and option agreement.

2. SEVERANCE. You and the Company agree that the end of your employment is a voluntary resignation, and that the Company’s Severance and Change in Control Benefit Plan (the “Severance Plan”) shall not apply. If you sign this Agreement, allow the releases herein to become effective, and comply with your obligations under this Agreement, then the Company will provide you with the following severance benefits.

a. Cash Severance. The Company will make a lump-sum severance payment to you in an amount equal to your annual base salary ($472,500), less applicable withholdings, to be paid on the first Company payroll date that occurs more than five days after the Effective Date (as defined in Section 11).

b. Pro-Rata Bonus. The Company will make an additional lump-sum severance payment to you in an amount equal to $315,000, less deductions and withholdings, which is equal to your target annual bonus ($472,500) multiplied by 8/12 (which represents the percentage of the calendar year that you have served as CEO through the month of August 2017) (the “Pro-Rata Bonus”). The Pro-Rata Bonus will be paid on the first Company payroll date that occurs more than five days after the Effective Date.

c. COBRA Payments. Provided that you are eligible for and make the necessary elections for continuation coverage pursuant to COBRA under a group health, dental or vision plan sponsored by the Company, the Company will pay, as and when due directly to the COBRA carrier, the COBRA premiums necessary to continue your COBRA coverage for you and your eligible dependents from the Separation Date until the earliest to occur of (i) one year after your Separation Date, (ii) the expiration of your eligibility for the continuation coverage under COBRA, and (iii) the date on which you become eligible for health insurance coverage in connection with new employment or self-employment (such period, the “COBRA Payment Period”). You agree to promptly notify the Company as soon as you become eligible for health insurance coverage in connection with new employment or self-employment. If at any time the Company determines, in its sole discretion, that the payment of the COBRA premiums would result in a violation of the nondiscrimination rules of Section 105(h)(2) of the Code or any statute or regulation of similar effect (including, without limitation, the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the 2010 Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act and any other subsequent

amendments), then in lieu of providing the benefit set forth above, the Company will instead pay you, on the first day of each month of the remainder of the COBRA Payment Period, a fully taxable cash payment equal to the COBRA premiums for that month, subject to applicable tax withholdings and deductions.

d. Accelerated Vesting. The vesting and exercisability of all outstanding unvested equity awards under the Company’s equity incentive plans that you hold as of the Separation Date will be accelerated by 25% of the then-unvested shares.

e. Extension of Post-Termination Exercise Period. All outstanding stock options and other equity awards which carry a right to exercise that you hold under the Company’s equity incentive plans as of the Separation Date will expire on the earlier of (i) the original term of such outstanding equity awards as set forth in the applicable award agreement or the equity incentive plan, subject to earlier termination in the event of a Change in Control as set forth in the terms of the applicable equity incentive plan and definitive agreement for such Change in Control transaction, and (ii) one year from the Separation Date.

3. CONSULTING. If you timely sign this Agreement and allow it to become effective, then the Company will engage you as a consultant under the terms set forth below.

a. Consulting Period. You will serve as a consultant to the Company beginning on the first day following the Separation Date and ending on November 9, 2017 (the “Consulting Period”).

b. Consulting Services. As a consultant, you will be responsible for assisting the Company with identifying and recruiting a new CEO and assisting with the onboarding of the new CEO, all as defined by the Board (the “Consulting Services”). You will conduct the Consulting Services at a location of your choosing. You will exercise the highest degree of professionalism and utilize your expertise and creative talents in performing the Consulting Services.

c. Equity. During your employment with the Company, you were granted options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. Except as otherwise set forth in this Agreement, the vesting of these options shall cease as of the Separation Date, and no additional vesting shall occur during the Consulting Period. The options shall continue to be governed in all respects by the governing plan documents and agreements. You are encouraged to obtain independent tax advice concerning your options and how the terms of this Agreement may affect the tax treatment of the options.

d. Independent Contractor Status. You agree that during the Consulting Period, (i) you will be an independent contractor to the Company and not an employee of the Company, and (ii) the Company will not make payments for state or federal income tax, FICA (social security and Medicare), make unemployment insurance or disability insurance contributions, or obtain workers’ compensation insurance on your behalf.

e. Protection of Information. You agree that during the Consulting Period and thereafter, you will not use or disclose any confidential or proprietary information or materials of the Company that you obtain or develop in the course of performing consulting services for the Company. Any and all work product you create in the course of performing consulting services for the Company will be the sole and exclusive property of the Company. You hereby assign to the Company all right, title, and interest in all inventions, techniques, processes, materials, and other intellectual property developed in the course of performing consulting services for the Company.

f. Limitations on Authority. You will have no responsibilities or authority as a consultant to the Company other than as provided above. You agree not to represent or purport to represent the Company in any manner whatsoever to any third party except with my prior written consent.

g. Standards of Conduct; Noncompetition. You agree not to engage in any conduct during the Consulting Period that is detrimental to the interests of the Company. You further agree during the Consulting Period that you will not, directly or indirectly, as an officer, director, employee, consultant, owner,

manager, member, partner, or in any other capacity solicit, perform, or provide, or attempt to perform or provide Conflicting Services in the United States, nor will you assist another person to solicit, perform or provide or attempt to perform or provide Conflicting Services in the United States. You and the Company agree that for purposes of this Agreement, “Conflicting Services” means any product, service, or process or the research and development thereof, of any person or organization other than the Company that is substantially similar to or competitive with a product, service, or process, including the research and development thereof, of the Company. Notwithstanding the above, you will not be deemed to be engaged directly or indirectly in any Conflicting Services if you participate in any such business solely as a passive investor in up to 1% of the equity securities of a company or partnership, the securities of which are publicly traded.

h. Compensation. Provided that you complete the Consulting Services to the Board’s reasonable satisfaction, then the Company will provide you with the following additional benefits:

(i) The Company will pay you an additional lump-sum severance payment in the amount of $200,000, less ordinary withholdings and required deductions, within 30 days after the conclusion of the Consulting Period, or at such later time as you and the Company may agree.

(ii) The Company will reimburse you for up to $60,000 in documented outplacement assistance service expenses incurred from a provider to be selected by the Company. Any such outplacement assistance expenses must be approved by the Company in advance, with such services being utilized within one year of the Separation Date. You are not entitled to the monetary equivalent of any unutilized portion of this outplacement assistance reimbursement benefit.

4. OTHER COMPENSATION OR BENEFITS. You acknowledge that, except as expressly provided in this Agreement, you will not receive, and are not entitled, to any additional compensation, severance, or benefits after the Separation Date. You further acknowledge that the benefits set forth in Sections 2.a-2.e. are being provided to you in conjunction with your voluntary resignation, that the Company has no obligations to you under the Severance Plan, and that upon receipt of the benefits set forth in this Agreement you will not be eligible for and will not receive any further compensation, severance, or benefits under the Severance Plan or otherwise.

5. EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENTS. You agree that, within ten days after the Separation Date, you will submit your final documented expense reimbursement statement reflecting all business expenses you incurred through the Separation Date, if any, for which you seek reimbursement. The Company will reimburse you for these expenses pursuant to its regular business practice.

6. RETURN OF COMPANY PROPERTY. By the Separation Date, you agree to return to the Company all Company documents (and all copies thereof) and other Company property within your possession, custody or control, including, but not limited to, Company files, notes, drawings, records, business plans and forecasts, financial information, specifications, computer-recorded information, tangible property (including, but not limited to), credit cards, entry cards, identification badges, and keys; and, any materials of any kind that contain or embody any proprietary or confidential information of the Company (and all reproductions thereof). Your timely return of all such Company documents and other property is a condition precedent to your receipt of the benefits provided under this Agreement.

7. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION OBLIGATIONS. You acknowledge and agree to abide by your continuing obligations under the Confidentiality Agreement.

8. NONDISPARAGEMENT. You agree to refrain from any disparagement, criticism, defamation or slander of the Company and its officers, directors, employees, shareholders, and agents, in any manner likely to be harmful to its or their business, business reputation or personal reputation, and the Company agrees (through its officers and directors) to refrain from any disparagement, criticism, defamation or slander of you in any manner likely to be harmful to your personal or professional reputations; provided that either you or the Company may respond accurately and fully to any request for information if required by legal process or in connection with a government investigation. Nothing in this provision or this Agreement is intended to prohibit or restrain you in any

manner from making disclosures that are protected under the whistleblower provisions of federal or state law or regulation.

9. NO ADMISSIONS. You understand and agree that the promises and payments in consideration of this Agreement shall not be construed to be an admission of any liability or obligation by the Company to you or to any other person, and that the Company makes no such admission.

10. RELEASE OF CLAIMS. In exchange for the consideration under this Agreement to which you would not otherwise be entitled, you hereby generally and completely release the Company and its directors, officers, employees, shareholders, partners, agents, attorneys, predecessors, successors, parent and subsidiary entities, insurers, affiliates, and assigns from any and all claims, liabilities and obligations, both known and unknown, that arise out of or are in any way related to events, acts, conduct, or omissions occurring at any time prior to and including the date you sign this Agreement. This general release includes, but is not limited to: (a) all claims arising out of or in any way related to your employment with the Company or the termination of that employment; (b) all claims related to your compensation or benefits from the Company, including salary, bonuses, commissions, vacation pay, expense reimbursements, severance pay, fringe benefits, stock, stock options, or any other ownership interests in the Company; (c) all claims for breach of contract, wrongful termination, and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing; (d) all tort claims, including claims for fraud, defamation, emotional distress, and discharge in violation of public policy; and (e) all federal, state, and local statutory claims, including claims for discrimination, harassment, retaliation, attorneys’ fees, or other claims arising under the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 (as amended), the federal Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the California Labor Code (as amended), the California Family Rights Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (“ADEA”) and the California Fair Employment and Housing Act (as amended). Notwithstanding the foregoing, you are not releasing the Company hereby from any obligation to indemnify you pursuant to the Articles and Bylaws of the Company, any valid fully executed indemnification agreement with the Company, applicable law, or applicable directors and officers liability insurance. Also, excluded from this Agreement are any claims that cannot be waived by law.

11. ADEA RELEASE. You acknowledge that you are knowingly and voluntarily waiving and releasing any rights you have under the ADEA, and that the consideration given for the waiver and releases you have given in this Agreement is in addition to anything of value to which you were already entitled. You further acknowledge that you have been advised, as required by the ADEA, that: (a) your waiver and release does not apply to any rights or claims that arise after the date you sign this Agreement; (b) you should consult with an attorney prior to signing this Agreement (although you may choose voluntarily not to do so); (c) you have 21days to consider this Agreement (although you may choose voluntarily to sign it sooner); (d) you have seven days following the date you sign this Agreement to revoke this Agreement (in a written revocation sent to me); and (e) this Agreement will not be effective until the date upon which the revocation period has expired, which will be the eighth day after you sign this Agreement provided that you do not revoke it (the “Effective Date”).

12. SECTION 1542 WAIVER. In giving the release herein, which includes claims which may be unknown to you at present, you acknowledge that you have read and understand Section 1542 of the California Civil Code, which reads as follows:

“A general release does not extend to claims which the creditor does not know or suspect to exist in his or her favor at the time of executing the release, which if known by him or her must have materially affected his or her settlement with the debtor.”

You hereby expressly waive and relinquish all rights and benefits under that section and any law of any other jurisdiction of similar effect with respect to your release of claims herein, including but not limited to your release of unknown claims.

13. PROTECTED RIGHTS. You understand that nothing in this Agreement limits your ability to file a charge or complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the Department of Labor, the National Labor Relations Board, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other federal, state or local

governmental agency or commission (“Government Agencies”). You further understand this Agreement does not limit your ability to communicate with any Government Agencies or otherwise participate in any investigation or proceeding that may be conducted by any Government Agency, including providing documents or other information, without notice to the Company. While this Agreement does not limit your right to receive an award for information provided to the Securities and Exchange Commission, you understand and agree that, to maximum extent permitted by law, you are otherwise waiving any and all rights you may have to individual relief based on any claims that you have released and any rights you have waived by signing this Agreement.

14. REPRESENTATIONS. You hereby represent that you have been paid all compensation owed and for all hours worked, have received all the leave and leave benefits and protections for which you are eligible pursuant to the Family and Medical Leave Act, the California Family Rights Act, or otherwise, and have not suffered any on-the-job injury for which you have not already filed a workers’ compensation claim.

15. MISCELLANEOUS. This Agreement constitutes the complete, final and exclusive embodiment of the entire agreement between you and the Company with regard to its subject matter. It is entered into without reliance on any promise or representation, written or oral, other than those expressly contained herein, and it supersedes any other such promises, warranties or representations. This Agreement may not be modified or amended except in a writing signed by both you and a duly authorized officer of the Company. This Agreement will bind the heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns of both you and the Company, and inure to the benefit of both you and the Company, their heirs, successors and assigns. If any provision of this Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, this determination will not affect any other provision of this Agreement and the provision in question will be modified so as to be rendered enforceable. This Agreement will be deemed to have been entered into and will be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of California as applied to contracts made and to be performed entirely within California. Any ambiguity in this Agreement shall not be construed against either party as the drafter. Any waiver of a breach of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any successive breach. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts and facsimile signatures will suffice as original signatures.

If this Agreement is acceptable to you, please sign below and return the original to me within 21 days.

We wish you the best in your future endeavors.

Sincerely,

By: /s/ Humberto Garcia

Bert Garcia, Chief Financial Officer

As authorized and directed by the Board of Directors

I HAVE READ, UNDERSTAND AND AGREE FULLY TO THE ABOVE AGREEMENT:

/s/ Paul B. Nahi August 8, 2017

Paul Nahi Date

EXHIBIT A

CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT

EMPLOYEE INVENTION ASSIGNMENT AND CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT

In consideration of, and as a condition of my separation agreement with Enphase Energy, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), I hereby represent to, and agree with the Company on August 8, 2017 as follows:

Purpose of Agreement. I understand that the Company is engaged in a continuous program of research, development, production and marketing in connection with its business and that it is critical for the Company to preserve and protect its Proprietary Information (as defined in Section 7 below), its rights in Inventions (as defined in Section 2 below) and in all related intellectual property rights. Accordingly, I am entering into this Employee Invention Assignment and Confidentiality Agreement (this “Agreement”) as a condition of my separation from the Company, whether or not I am expected to create inventions of value for the Company.

Disclosure of Inventions. I have disclosed in confidence to the Company all inventions, improvements, designs, original works of authorship, formulas, processes, compositions of matter, computer software programs, databases, mask works, designs and trade secrets that I made or conceived or first reduced to practice or create, either alone or jointly with others, during the period of my employment, whether or not in the course of my employment, and whether or not patentable, copyrightable or protectable as trade secrets (the “Inventions”).

Inventions Retained and Licensed. I have attached hereto, as Exhibit A, a list describing with particularity all inventions, original works of authorship, developments, improvements, and trade secrets which were made by me prior to the commencement of my employment with the Company (collectively referred to as “Prior Inventions”), which belong solely to me or belong to me jointly with another, which relate in any way to any of the Company’s proposed businesses, products or research and development, and which are not assigned to the Company hereunder; or, if no such list is attached, I represent that there are no such Prior Inventions. If, in the course of my employment with the Company, I incorporated into a Company product, process or machine a Prior Invention owned by me or in which I have an interest, the Company is hereby granted and shall have a non-exclusive, royalty-free, irrevocable, perpetual, worldwide license (with the right to sublicense) to make, have made, copy, modify, make derivative works of, use, sell and otherwise distribute such Prior Invention as part of or in connection with such product, process or machine.

Work for Hire; Assignment of Inventions. I acknowledge and agree that any copyrightable works prepared by me within the scope of my employment are “works for hire” under the Copyright Act and that the Company will be considered the author and owner of such copyrightable works. I agree that all Inventions that (i) are developed using equipment, supplies, facilities or trade secrets of the Company, (ii) result from work performed by me for the Company, or (iii) relate to the Company’s business or current or anticipated research and development (the “Assigned Inventions”), will be the sole and exclusive property of the Company and are hereby irrevocably assigned by me to the Company.

Labor Code Section 2870 Notice. I have been notified and understand that the provisions of Sections 3 and 5 of this Agreement do not apply to any Assigned Invention that qualifies fully under the provisions of Section 2870 of the California Labor Code, which states as follows:

ANY PROVISION IN AN EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT WHICH PROVIDES THAT AN EMPLOYEE SHALL ASSIGN, OR OFFER TO ASSIGN, ANY OF HIS OR HER RIGHTS IN AN INVENTION TO HIS OR HER EMPLOYER SHALL NOT APPLY TO AN INVENTION THAT THE EMPLOYEE DEVELOPED ENTIRELY ON HIS OR HER OWN TIME WITHOUT USING THE EMPLOYER’S EQUIPMENT, SUPPLIES, FACILITIES, OR TRADE SECRET INFORMATION EXCEPT FOR THOSE INVENTIONS THAT EITHER: (1) RELATE AT THE TIME OF CONCEPTION OR REDUCTION TO PRACTICE OF THE INVENTION TO THE EMPLOYER’S BUSINESS, OR ACTUAL OR DEMONSTRABLY ANTICIPATED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMPLOYER; OR (2) RESULT FROM ANY WORK PERFORMED BY THE EMPLOYEE FOR THE EMPLOYER. TO THE EXTENT A PROVISION IN AN EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT PURPORTS TO REQUIRE AN EMPLOYEE TO ASSIGN AN INVENTION OTHERWISE EXCLUDED FROM BEING REQUIRED TO BE ASSIGNED UNDER CALIFORNIA

LABOR CODE SECTION 2870(a), THE PROVISION IS AGAINST THE PUBLIC POLICY OF THIS STATE AND IS UNENFORCEABLE.

Assignment of Other Rights. In addition to the foregoing assignment of Assigned Inventions to the Company, I hereby irrevocably transfer and assign to the Company: (i) all worldwide patents, patent applications, copyrights, mask works, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights, including but not limited to rights in databases, in any Assigned Inventions, along with any registrations of or applications to register such rights; and (ii) any and all “Moral Rights” (as defined below) that I may have in or with respect to any Assigned Inventions. I also hereby forever waive and agree never to assert any and all Moral Rights I may have in or with respect to any Assigned Inventions, even after termination of my work on behalf of the Company. “Moral Rights” mean any rights to claim authorship of or credit on an Assigned Inventions, to object to or prevent the modification or destruction of any Assigned Inventions, or to withdraw from circulation or control the publication or distribution of any Assigned Inventions, and any similar right, existing under judicial or statutory law of any country or subdivision thereof in the world, or under any treaty, regardless of whether or not such right is denominated or generally referred to as a “moral right.”

Assistance. I agree to assist the Company in every proper way to obtain for the Company and enforce patents, copyrights, mask work rights, trade secret rights and other legal protections for the Company’s Assigned Inventions in any and all countries. I will execute any documents that the Company may reasonably request for use in obtaining or enforcing such patents, copyrights, mask work rights, trade secrets and other legal protections. My obligations under this paragraph will continue beyond the termination of my employment with the Company, provided that the Company will compensate me at a reasonable rate after such termination for time or expenses actually spent by me at the Company’s request on such assistance. I appoint the Secretary of the Company as my attorney-in-fact to execute documents on my behalf for this purpose.

Proprietary Information. I understand that my employment by the Company created a relationship of confidence and trust with respect to any information of a confidential or secret nature that may be disclosed to me by the Company or a third party that related to the business of the Company or to the business of any parent, subsidiary, affiliate, customer or supplier of the Company or any other party with whom the Company agrees to hold information of such party in confidence (the “Proprietary Information”). Such Proprietary Information includes Assigned Inventions, marketing plans, product plans, business strategies, financial information, forecasts, personnel information, customer lists and data, and domain names.

Confidentiality. At all times, both during my employment and after its termination, I will keep and hold all such Proprietary Information in strict confidence and trust. I will not use or disclose any Proprietary Information without the prior written consent of the Company, except as may be necessary to perform my duties as an employee of the Company for the benefit of the Company. Upon termination of my employment with the Company, I will promptly deliver to the Company all documents and materials of any nature pertaining to my work with the Company and, upon Company request, will execute a document confirming my agreement to honor my responsibilities contained in this Agreement. I will not take with me or retain any documents or materials or copies thereof containing any Proprietary Information.

Notification. I hereby authorize the Company to notify third parties, including, without limitation, customers and actual or potential employers, of the terms of this Agreement and my responsibilities hereunder.

Non-Solicitation of Employees/Consultants. During my employment with the Company and for a period of one (1) year thereafter, I will not directly or indirectly solicit away employees or consultants of the Company for my own benefit or for the benefit of any other person or entity.

Non-Solicitation of Suppliers/Customers. During my employment with the Company and after termination of my employment, I will not directly or indirectly solicit or take away suppliers or customers of the Company if the identity of the supplier or customer or information about the supplier or customer relationship is a trade secret or is otherwise deemed confidential information within the meaning of California law.

Injunctive Relief. I understand that in the event of a breach or threatened breach of this Agreement by me the Company may suffer irreparable harm and will therefore be entitled to injunctive relief to enforce this Agreement.

Governing Law; Severability. This Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California, without giving effect to its laws pertaining to conflict of laws. If any provision of this Agreement is determined by any court or arbitrator of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such provision will be enforced to the maximum extent possible given the intent of the parties hereto. If such clause or provision cannot be so enforced,

such provision shall be stricken from this Agreement and the remainder of this Agreement shall be enforced as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable clause or provision had (to the extent not enforceable) never been contained in this Agreement.

Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered will be deemed an original, and all of which together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the documents referred to herein constitute the entire agreement and understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement, and supersede all prior understandings and agreements, whether oral or written, between or among the parties hereto with respect to the specific subject matter hereof.

Amendment and Waivers. This Agreement may be amended only by a written agreement executed by each of the parties hereto. No amendment of or waiver of, or modification of any obligation under this Agreement will be enforceable unless set forth in a writing signed by the party against which enforcement is sought. Any amendment effected in accordance with this section will be binding upon all parties hereto and each of their respective successors and assigns. No delay or failure to require performance of any provision of this Agreement shall constitute a waiver of that provision as to that or any other instance. No waiver granted under this Agreement as to any one provision herein shall constitute a subsequent waiver of such provision or of any other provision herein, nor shall it constitute the waiver of any performance other than the actual performance specifically waived.

Successors and Assigns; Assignment. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, this Agreement, and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder, will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of their respective successors, assigns, heirs, executors, administrators and legal representatives. The Company may assign any of its rights and obligations under this Agreement. No other party to this Agreement may assign, whether voluntarily or by operation of law, any of its rights and obligations under this Agreement, except with the prior written consent of the Company.

Further Assurances. The parties agree to execute such further documents and instruments and to take such further actions as may be reasonably necessary to carry out the purposes and intent of this Agreement.



Enphase Energy, Inc.:		Employee:
By:	/s/ Humberto Garcia	/s/ Paul B. Nahi
		Signature
Name:	Humberto Garcia	Paul B. Nahi

Title:	Chief Financial Officer

LIST OF PRIOR INVENTIONS

AND ORIGINAL WORKS OF AUTHORSHIP



Title		Identifying Number or Brief Description

___ No inventions or improvements

___ Additional Sheets Attached

Signature of Employee: /s/ Paul B. Nahi

Name of Employee: Employee

Date:

Exhibit

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman, certify that:


1.	I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Enphase Energy, Inc.;


2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;


3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;


4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f)) for the registrant and have:


a.	designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;


b.	designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;


c.	evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and


d.	disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and


5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):


a.	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and


b.	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 8, 2017



		/s/ Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman
		Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Humberto Garcia, certify that:


1.	I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Enphase Energy, Inc.;


2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;


3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;


4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f)) for the registrant and have:


a.	designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;


b.	designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;


c.	evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and


d.	disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and


5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):


a.	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and


b.	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 8, 2017



	/s/ Humberto Garcia
	Humberto Garcia Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Exhibit

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. §1350), Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Enphase Energy, Inc. (the “Company”), and Humberto Garcia, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies that, to the best of his or her knowledge:

1. The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017, to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1 (the “Periodic Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and

2. The information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

In Witness Whereof, the undersigned have set their hands hereto as of the 8th day of November, 2017.



/s/ Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman		/s/ Humberto Garcia
Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)		Humberto Garcia Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Enphase Energy, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.